油茶苗存放方式与环境对造林成活率的影响  

Effect of the storage ways and conditions on the dehydration rate and the survival rate of oil-tea grafting plants

作　　者：张四七[1] 曹志华[1] 束庆龙[1] 李春生[2] 刘春[1] 胡娟娟[1] 董传媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省林业高科技开发中心

出　　处：《林业科技开发》2011年第3期121-124,共4页China Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：安徽省教育厅省级重点项目(编号:KJ2008A081);安徽省科技攻关项目(编号:09010301080)

摘　　要：对油茶裸根苗起运后的存放方式和时间、温湿度环境与苗木失水速率及其栽植成活率的关系进行了研究。结果表明:在16℃以上的晴朗天气条件下,6 h内的短期存放可采取塑料袋包装和泥浆沾根等措施,长期存放一定要进行假植;假植的质量对成活率影响非常明显,粗放的假植其栽植成活率随时间的延长而下降,而高质量假植有恢复根系生长、提高栽植成活率的作用;存放环境温、湿度对苗木失水速率的影响结果为晴+高>晴+低>阴天>雨天。在同一时间内,晴朗温度较高的天气苗木失水程度是雨天的2.04倍("晴+高"失水程度为25.62%,雨天为12.55%);苗木在不同的温湿度条件下失水速率趋势基本一致,即初期失水速率最快,随后逐步下降并趋于平缓。影响油茶栽植成活率的因素多而复杂,只有依据环境条件严格采取保鲜措施,才能获得较高的造林成活率。The relationship between the storage ways,storage time,storage temperature,humidity as well as dehydration rate and the transplanting survival rate were studied in this paper.The results showed that：In the warm,sunny day （16℃）,grafting plants could be packed by the plastic bag or dipped by the mud in the root if they were deposited for a short period（6 h）,but the long-term storage must be temporarily planted.The quality of temporary planting had obvious effects on the survival rate.The survival rate declined with the prolonging of storage time in the roughly heeling,but increased with the prolonging of storage time in the carefully and attentively heeling,which could revive root growth and improve transplanting survival rate.The effects of storage temperature and humidity on dehydration rate were：sunny with temperature of 19.0～20.0℃sunny with temperature of 12.0～13.0℃cloudy with temperature of 14.0～16.5℃rainy with temperature of 8.5～10.2℃.At the condition of sunny day with high temperature,the dehydration rate was double of rainy day（in sunny days with high temperature,the dehydration rate was 25.62%,it was 12.55% in rainy days）.The grafting plants dehydration rate was basically the same trend in different temperature and humidity conditions,initially it was faster,and then gradually tended to decline and gentle.So the factors affecting the survival rate of afforestation was very complicated.The treatment in keeping plants fresh should be taken for higher survival rate according to environmental conditions.

关 键 词：油茶 栽植成活率 存放方式 温湿度 存放时间 失水速率 

分 类 号：S725[农业科学—林木遗传育种]