地理学学科研究的科学社会学视角——重新审视约翰斯顿《地理学与地理学家》一书  

A GEOGRAPHICAL SUBJECT RESEARCH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE——Re-examine Geography and Geographers by Johnston

作　　者：孙俊[1,2] 潘玉君[2] 张谦舵[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学社会发展学院,昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《人文地理》2011年第3期7-11,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40761001)

摘　　要：约翰斯顿(R J Johnston)所著《地理学与地理学家》一书既是一本关于英美现、当代人文地理学的学科史著作和科学哲学著作,又是人文地理学的科学社会学著作。前两种价值已得到公认。本文从作者写作目的、写作内容、论述的问题、内容结构、地理学史或地理学思想史中的科学社会学视角五个方面来重新审视该书对地理学本身研究的科学社会学视角。与已有的经典地理学史及其思想史著作相比,该书是当前唯一的将学科史、学科的科学哲学、学科的科学社会学三种视角结合起来来考察人文地理学本身的著作,也是当前唯一一本以科学社会学的视角成为全书基本主线之一的人文地理学理论著作。Geography and Geographers is a famous book written by R.J.Johnston.It is a book about geographical history,philosophy and the sociology of science,especially,about human geography in Britain and America since 1945.The former two views have been recognized,but the third view have none observed.Essentially,the aspect of sociology is the basic view to understand the existing of science.The authors rethink its value for basic geography research from the following five perspectives which are the writing purpose,the content,the issues this book discusses,the content structure,and the perspective of sociology of science in other books.In the preface of its first and second edition,Johnston emphasized the purpose of the book which is to understand how geographers were organized to research,and how to organize research.This book includes nine chapters,but three of them inspect geography from the perspective of sociology of science,including geographical organization and the progress geographers to a professor.Contrasting the issue discussed in this book with the sociology of science,Johnston discussed almost all those issues in sociology of science,and especially,discussed them with geography,primary geographical organization,geographers＇ social roles,geography or geographers＇ community,and authority structure.In content structure,chapter 1 is the preface.Johnston researched the foundation of contemporary geography,including the relationship between organization and development,scientific classification,before which is the nature of contemporary geography and connection with chapter 7 and chapter 9.Similarly,later on is the connection with chapter 2,chapter 3,chapter 4,chapter 5 and chapter 6.Compared to the current works of history and geographical thought,this book is the only literature to inspect geography,which combined three perspectives to examine the work itself.

关 键 词：约翰斯顿 《地理学与地理学家》 重新审视 科学社会学视角 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]