智慧流域及其应用前景  

Smart basin and its prospects for application

作　　者：蒋云钟[1] 冶运涛[1] 王浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2011年第6期1174-1181,共8页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家创新研究群体科学基金(50721006);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BAB29B08);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200801005;200901031;201001024;201101026)

摘　　要：为了应对全球气候变化和人类剧烈活动导致的水资源短缺、洪灾旱灾并重和生态环境恶化等复杂水资源情势,推动流域信息化水平向更高层次发展,借鉴"智慧地球"的理念提出了"智慧流域"这一概念.分析了智慧流域建设的战略需求和技术推动因素,提出了智慧流域的涵义并阐述了其特征,设计了智慧流域总体框架,对其中使用的关键技术和支撑平台,如物联网技术、射频识别标签、无线传感器网络、云计算与云存储、流域虚拟现实系统平台、基于多源耦合的气象水文信息保障平台、二元水循环数值模拟平台、水资源数值调控平台和流域数据同化系统平台等进行了探讨.最后研究了智慧流域在防洪减灾、抗御干旱、防治污染和水资源管理中的具体应用.智慧流域是水利信息化的发展趋势和最高层次,必将产生新的学科增长点,在水利各个领域有着良好的应用前景.To cope with the complex situation of water resources including severe water shortages,floods, drought,deterioration of ecological environment,caused by the global climate change and human activities, and promote the development of water conservancy informatization to a higher level,an important theme＂Smart Basin＂is proposed on the foundation of the spread of＂Smart Planet＂in the world.The paper analyzes the strategic demand and the technical impetus factor of the construction of Smart Basin,elaborates its implication and the connotation,designs its overall frame,introduces the key technologies and the supported platform used by it,such as the Internet of Things（IOT）,Radio Frequency Identification（RFID）, Wireless Sensor Network（WSN）,Cloud Computing（CC）and Cloud Storage（CS）,hydro-meteorological provisioning platform based on multi-source coupling,virtual reality platform for river basin,numerical simulation platform for dualistic water cycle,numerical operation for water resources and data assimilation system platform for river basin,et al.,and discusses its application in the study on the field of flood control,drought resist,pollution prevention and water resources management.As the development trend and highest level,Smart Basin will generate new growth points of discipline and have a good application prospect in the every field of water resources.

关 键 词：智慧流域 物联网 云计算 数据同化 智能 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TP39[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]