汶川小学教师灾后2年心理状况调查及连续心理干预分析  

Psychological survey and intervention after Wenchuan earth quake in primary school teacher from Wenchuan weizhou town for 2 years

作　　者：谭友果[1] 甘枝勤[1] 刘成文[1] 张光毅[1] 蔡端芳 谭伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]自贡市精神卫生中心,四川自贡643020

出　　处：《四川医学》2011年第6期797-800,共4页Sichuan Medical Journal

基　　金：四川省卫生厅科研项目(编号:2009-001)

摘　　要：目的了解灾后2个月至2年间小学教师的心理健康状况变化,以便有针对性的制定干预措施。方法使用SCL-90量表和防御方式问卷量表,在汶川地震后2、8、24个月分别对震中汶川县城威州小学53名教师进行调查,同时对调查结果中老师分别采用团体辅导、个别辅导等进行心理干预。结果 2个月时39.6%的教师表现为明显心理障碍,18.9%的教师有严重心理障碍,心理问题主要表现排序分别为强迫、抑郁、躯体化、人际关系、睡眠等。通过心理干预,灾后8个月,有心理问题的教师比例为20.8%,有严重心理问题的教师的比例为11.3%,2年后调查显示教师心理问题发生率为18.9%,严重心理问题比例为16.9%。结论地震后2个月,灾区教师有明显的心理问题,灾后8个月,经过心理危机干预后,心理问题发生率显著降低,显示心理干预有明显的效果,但是在灾后2年的调查显示有心理问题的教师改善不明显,提示远期干预效果不佳。Objective We want to understand the Wenchuan earth quake after 2 months to 2 years of primary school teachers,and in order to develop targeted interventions in mental health.MethodsSCL-90 scale and the defense style questionnaire,after the earthquake in Wenchuan 2 months,8 months and 24 months respectively,the epicenter of Wenchuan county,wisconsin primary survey of 53 teachers,a teacher at the same time,survey results were used to group counseling,individual counseling.ResultsAfter 2 months,About 39.6% of the teachers showed significant psychological barrier,18.9% of teachers have a serious psychological disorder,psychological problems were mainly sort of forced,depression,somatization,relationships,sleep,etc.Through psychological intervention,8 months after the disaster,the proportion of teachers with psychological problems was 20.8%,have serious psychological problems to teacher ratio was 11.3%,2 years after the survey of mental problems was 18.9%,the ratio of serious psychological problems 16.9%.ConclusionAfter the earthquake two months,some teachers have significant psychological problems,about 8 months,after a psychological crisis intervention,psychological problems were significantly lower,indicating that psychological intervention had a significant effect,but in post-disaster two years of survey psychological problems of the teachers had no obvious improvement,indicating poor long-term intervention.

关 键 词：灾后 教师 心理干预 

分 类 号：G443[哲学宗教—心理学]