明嘉靖六年《大统历》历书的气朔推步精度  

Accuracy of Calculation for the Solar Terms and the Syzygys in the calendar of Datong Lishu 1527

作　　者：李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《天文学进展》2011年第2期218-227,共10页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10973022)

摘　　要：历书是历法的民用本。考察了明嘉靖六年(1527年)《大统历》历书,根据历书所颁朔日和节气时刻,以及先期恢复的《授时历》和《大统历》推步术,并利用现代天文历算结果,可考校得出:(1)历书所载朔日和节气日期、时刻确由《大统历》推得;(2)《大统历》与《授时历》推步结果存在差异,推朔平均差33.35min或34.93min,推气平均差86.40min,且两者均有差1日现象;(3)《大统历》与现代推算合朔时刻的平均误差为24.50min或44.03min,与现代推算节气时刻的差平均为1.25d,若扣除太阳中心差则节气推步的误差将减少到86.40min。Usually in ancient time the Lishu,published and consisted of the counting results according to the calendar of Li added other traditional culture items,was used for average people. For example Datong Lishu was calculated from the calendar of Datong Li.In this paper,we investigate the Datong Lishu published in the sixth year in Jiajing period（1527）,Ming dynasty （1368-1644）.According to the recorded new moon dates and the times of solar terms in this year, both data with Chinese styles,and by use of our previous works for recovering the method of Datong Li（also including Shoushi Li）,together with modern astronomical ephemeris calculation, the records about the new moon dates and solar-term dates and the times of solar-term were all obtained by Datong Li method.There exists difference between both calendars,and the average error for syzygy is 33.35 min（or 34.93 min）,as for solar terms is 86.40 min,and sometimes the same phenomena appear in different days due to the calculations of both calendars.When compared with modern astronomical ephemeris,the mean error is 24.50 min（or 44.03 min） for Datong Li counting the new moon date and 1.25 days for solar-term calculation,but it will be reduced to 86.40 min when deducting the solar equation of the center.

关 键 词：大统历 授时历 历书 朔 节气 

分 类 号：P1-092[天文地球—天文学] P194.3