羟基取代和甲氧基取代多溴联苯醚的存在特征和源解析研究进展  

Occurrence and sources of hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs):A review

作　　者：张清[1] 刘希涛[2] 焦颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学持久性有机污染物研究中心,北京100084 [2]北京师范大学环境学院//水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第4期773-778,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB407302);北京师范大学自主科研基金重点项目(2009SD-19)

摘　　要：近年来,多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的衍生物,羟基取代的PBDEs(OH-PBDEs)和甲氧基取代的PBDEs(MeO-PBDEs)作为新型的持久性有机污染物引起了国内外学者的关注。这两类物质在各种生物体内(藻类、鱼、贝类、海豹、海鸟及人体血液和乳汁等)和环境介质中(地表水、瀑布和雪)都被检出。OH-PBDEs对生物体具有多种毒性效应,包括干扰甲状腺荷尔蒙动态平衡,干扰氧化磷酸化作用,影响雌二醇合成,并能引起神经毒性效应。而研究表明,在生物体内MeO-PBDEs可通过去甲基化作用转化为OH-PBDEs,因此对生物体内高含量的MeO-PBDEs应予以更密切的关注。OH-PBDEs既有人为源(来自PBDEs生物代谢或自由基反应)又有天然源(在海洋环境中合成),MeO-PBDEs主要来自天然源。在我国相关的研究刚刚起步。文章比较系统地总结了OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs在环境中存在特征、生物毒性、来源及二者相互关系的研究进展,以期为在我国相关研究的开展提供参考。对于开展关于OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs在特定区域存在特征和源解析的研究,建议重点考察物质的组成和含量与水温、盐度和富营养化程度等因素的关系,以及特定组分的季节性变化,从物质的存在形态和相关关系角度对OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs的来源进行解析。In recent years, the structural analogues of PBDEs, hydroxylated PBDEs （OH-PBDEs） and methoxylated PBDEs （MeO-PBDEs） have attracted more and more attention as the emerging persistent organic pollutants. OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs have been frequently detected in abiotic and biotic environmental samples （including surface water, snow, algae, fish, shellfish, seals, seabirds and human blood and milk）. OH-PBDEs have a variety of toxic effects on organisms, such as interfering with thyroid hormone homeostasis, oxidative phosphorylation and estrogen synthesis, and they can also cause neurotoxic effects. As the studies have shown that in vivo MeO-PBDEs can be transformed into OH-PBDEs by demethylation, therefore, high concentrations of MeO-PBDEs in organisms should be paid much closer attention. OH-PBDEs may originate from anthropogenic sources （from the free radical reactions or biological metabolism of PBDEs） as well as from natural sources （being synthetized in the marine environment）, and MeO-PBDEs are mainly from natural sources. At present, the studies on these two kinds of compounds in China are scarce. This paper systematically summarized the research progresses on occurrence, toxic effects, origins and interrelations of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in the environment. For the studies of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs characteristics and source ap- pointment in a particular area, it is proposed that emphasis be put on the relationships between composition and concentration of components and water temperature, salinity, eutrophication degree, as well as seasonal variations.

关 键 词：OH-PBDEs MeO-PBDEs 存在特征 源解析 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学]