不同燃料柴油机多环芳烃排放特征的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Characteristics Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions of Diesel Engine Burnt by Different Fuels

作　　者：王忠[1] 安玉光[1] 许广举[1] 王小哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第7期1888-1893,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50776042);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(10KJA470009);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

摘　　要：在一台直喷式柴油机上,采用玻璃纤维滤纸及XAD-2吸附管采集、超声和索氏提取、气质联用分析等技术,测量了燃用柴油、生物柴油及其调合油B50排气中的多环芳烃类污染物(PAHs).研究表明,柴油机颗粒相PAHs排放随着负荷的增大呈现降低的趋势,气相PAHs排放随着负荷呈现先降低后升高的趋势.与柴油相比,生物柴油的颗粒相和气相PAHs排放有所降低,其平均排放浓度也均低于柴油.生物柴油排气中总PAHs排放浓度为41.1～70.1μg/m3,总PAHs的平均排放浓度与柴油相比下降了33.3%.3种不同燃料的三环PAHs排放均占总PAHs排放量的44%左右,生物柴油的三环PAHs所占比例要高于柴油.生物柴油排放的PAHs毒性当量与柴油相比有较大程度的降低,表明燃用生物柴油对人体的危害性有所降低.The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） were measured by glass fiber filter and XAD-2 collector,ultrasonic extraction,soxhlet extraction and GC-MS analysis equipment.The exhaust emission of the DI single cylinder diesel engine fueled with pure diesel,biodiesel and biodiesel blends of 50%（B50） were measured.The results indicate that the particle-phase PAHs emissions of diesel engine decrease with the increasing of load.The gas-phase PAHs emissions of diesel engine decrease with the increasing of load in the beginning and it turns to going up with further increasing of load.The particle-phase and gas-phase PAHs emissions of biodiesel decrease and mean concentration are lower than that of diesel.The total PAHs emission concentration of biodisesl is 41.1-70.1μg/m^3.Total PAHs mean concentration emissions of biodiesel is decreased 33.3% than that of diesel.The mass proportion of three-ring PAHs emissions of those 3 kinds tested fuels is about 44% in the total PAHs.Biodiesel can increase the proportion of three-ring PAHs.Toxic equivalence of PAHs emissions of biodiesel are greatly lower than that of diesel.It is less harmful to human than diesel fuel.

关 键 词：生物柴油 多环芳烃 柴油机 排放 气质联用 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]