水中典型含氮有机物氯化生成消毒副产物的潜能研究  

Chlorination Byproducts Formation Potentials of Typical Nitrogenous Organic Compounds in Water

作　　者：徐倩[1] 徐斌[1] 覃操[1] 夏圣骥[1] 高乃云[1] 田富箱[1] 李大鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第7期1967-1973,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2008AA06Z302);国家自然科学基金项目(51078280);上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(11QA1407000)

摘　　要：选取了受污染原水中广泛存在的12种含氮有机物(除草剂、杀虫剂、氨基酸、工业品等),开展了氯化和氯胺化培养生成典型消毒副产物的实验,目的是通过对水中脲类除草剂、嗪类除草剂和其他含氮化合物培养生成不同消毒副产物的生成量,讨论不同种类含氮化合物生成含碳和含氮消毒副产物规律以及考察不同消毒副产物的可能前体物.研究发现,脲类除草剂经过量氯化和氯胺化可产生多达9种消毒副产物,反应活性最高的绿麦隆可生成三氯甲烷(CF)、一氯乙酸(MCAA)、二氯乙酸(DCAA)、1,1-二氯丙酮(1,1-DCP)、1,1,1-三氯丙酮(1,1,1-TCP)、三氯硝基甲烷(NTCM)、二氯乙腈(DCAN)、二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA).在杀虫剂中涕灭威与含有硝基的地乐酚是产生CF、DCAA、MCAA和NTCM的重要前体物,L-色氨酸经氯化可生成较高浓度的CF和DCAA.本研究同时对绿麦隆、莠灭净、地乐酚和L-色氨酸生成不同类型DBPs的途径进行了推断和分析.Twelve typical nitrogenous organic compounds including herbicides,pesticides,amino acids,industrial products etc in polluted raw water were selected to investigate formation of typical carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs during chlorination and chloramination.To indentify the formation mechanism of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts from nitrogenous chemicals,chlorination and chloroamination of urea herbicides,triazine herbicides,amino acid,and other compounds were investigated.As a result,the potential precursors for different DBPs were defined as well.It has been identified that widely used urea herbicides could produce as many as 9 specific DBPs.The chlorotoluron shows highest reactivity and yields chloroform（CF）,monochloroacetic acid（MCAA）,dichloroacetic acid（DCAA）,1,1-dichloro-acetone（1,1-DCP）,1,1,1-trichloro-acetone（1,1,1-TCP）,chloropicrin（NTCM）,dichloro-acetonitrile（DCAN）,dimethylnitrosamine（NDMA）.The results indicated that aldicarb and dinoseb are important precursors of CF,DCAA,MCAA,NTCM as well.High concentrations of CF and DCAA were found during L-tryptophan chlorination.Furthermore,DBPs formation pathways and mechanisms were suggested during chlorination and chloramination of chlorotoluron,ametryn,dinoseb L-tryptophan.

关 键 词：含氮有机物 氯化消毒 氯胺消毒 消毒副产物 NDMA 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]