热带海域选择性虾拖网渔具的研究进展  

Progress in development of selective shrimp trawls in tropical seawaters

作　　者：张健[1] 石建高[2] 陈小康[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2011年第3期268-276,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC31001138);上海市重点学科建设项目(S30702);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(11YZ156)

摘　　要：捕虾拖网,特别是热带海域捕虾拖网渔业的兼捕和抛弃是全球最为突出的渔业问题,而选择性渔具的开发是解决这一问题的主要技术手段。美国东南沿海和澳大利亚沿海对虾拖网渔业是典型的热带海域捕虾拖网渔业,在这些海域的捕虾拖网渔业中,大型海洋生物(海龟)和鱼类兼捕共存的特点使得选择性研究主要是以种类选择性为主,选择性装置研究也主要集中在海龟释放装置(TED)和鱼类兼捕减少装置(BRD)上。通过归纳和对比这两种渔业中所开展的选择性研究,找出选择性虾拖网研究的共性和个性,结合不同渔业中有关兼捕减少的法律法规,为中国今后开展虾拖网渔业选择性研究以及虾拖网渔业相关技术措施和法规的制定提供参考依据。Development of selective shrimp trawl is regarded as one of most promising technical measures to solve the bycatch and discard of shrimp trawling, especially tropic shrimp trawl fisheries, one of the most prominent issues in global marine fisheries. In the southeastern US shrimp trawl fisheries and Australian prawn trawl fisheries, two typical tropic shrimp trawl fisheries, more attention has been paid to development of species selective devices including Turtle Exclusion Devices （TED） and Bycatch Reduction Devices （BRD） than development of size selection, because of the simultaneous existing of bycatch and mortality of large-scale marine organism （ especially sea turtles） and finfish. In this paper, the developmental history of selective shrimp trawls in both fisheries was reviewed and different BRDs and TEDs designs occupied in different periods and regions were summarized and compared. Then the general and special characters of these selective trawls were discussed and some of legal technical conservation measures to reduce bycatch were described. It is considered that the successful experience in development of selective shrimp trawls in tropic shrimp trawls fisheres would be the necessary gist for future research and legislation on selective shrimp trawls in Chinese fisheries.

关 键 词：海龟释放装置 兼捕减少装置 热带海域 对虾拖网渔业 

分 类 号：S972.13[农业科学—捕捞与储运]