五氯苯酚的生态毒性效应及其遗传毒性  

Ecotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assessment of Pentachlorophenol

作　　者：张蕊媛[1] 杨竞[1] 刘欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院自然地理与空间信息科学重点实验室,大连116029

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2011年第3期296-302,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970342);国家教育部留学归国人员基金资助项目;辽宁省高校创新团队支持计划项目(2006R32)

摘　　要：为评价环境内分泌干扰物——五氯苯酚对土壤生态系统动植物的生态毒性效应,检测了五氯苯酚对8种作物种子的萌发和根伸长的抑制作用以及对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性作用;并运用小麦根尖细胞微核实验和赤子爱胜蚓体细胞核的彗星实验,检测了五氯苯酚的遗传毒性效应。结果表明,五氯苯酚在一定浓度范围内对作物种子的发芽率、发芽强度和根伸长均有较强的抑制作用,抑制率表现出明显的浓度效应关系,且五氯苯酚对小白菜、卷心莴苣和谷子体积较小的种子的抑制作用较为突出。五氯苯酚对赤子爱胜蚓在24、48和72h的半致死浓度分别为66.5、53.9和45.1mg·L-1。浓度为49.1mg·L-1时,五氯苯酚能够诱发小麦根尖细胞产生微核,微核率为6.91‰;浓度为75mg·L-1处理下发现双微核出现;浓度为40mg·L-1的五氯苯酚处理后的赤子爱胜蚓,体细胞核的慧尾率为23.1%,浓度为80mg·L-1的五氯苯酚处理后,慧尾率为42.8%。以上结果说明五氯苯酚在一定剂量下(4.3-71.2mg·L-1)对植物和动物细胞具有一定的遗传毒性。To evaluate the ecotoxicity effects of pentachlorophenol（PCP） which is an environmental endocrine disruptor,the inhibition effects of PCP on seed germination and root elongation of 8 kinds of crops and the acute toxicity of PCP to Eisenia fetida were examined in the study.The genotoxicity effects of PCP on crops and animals were also studied using the micronucleus test with root tip cells of wheat and the comet assay with Eisenia fetida.The results showed that PCP possessed strong inhibitory effects on seed germination and root elongation intensity of 8 crops at a certain concentration range.The inhibitory rates showed significant concentration-effect relationship,and the inhibition is more prominent on smaller seeds such as cabbage,lettuce and millet than on those bigger ones.The 24,48 and 72 h median lethal concentrations of PCP on Eisenia fetida were 66.5,53.9 and 45.1 mg·L-1,respectively.Treated with 49.1 mg·L-1 of PCP,wheat root tip cells induced micronuclei,and the micronucleus rate was 6.91‰.Treated with 75 mg·L-1 of PCP,double micronucleis were induced.The rates of comet tail of somatic cell nuclei of Eisenia fetida treated with 40 and 80 mg·L-1 of PCP were 23.1% and 42.8%,respectively.These results proved that PCP（in a range of 4.3-71.2 mg·L-1） possesses genetic toxicity on cells of crops and animals.

关 键 词：五氯苯酚 生态毒性 微核试验 赤子爱胜蚓 彗星实验 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]