大气CO_2浓度升高对花蜜及传粉昆虫的影响  

Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on nectar and pollinating insects

作　　者：吴华[1] 嵇保中[1] 刘曙雯 高江勇[1] 王国兴[1] 王彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]南京中山陵园管理局,南京210014

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2011年第2期234-240,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD8A1002);江苏省林业局;南京市建委项目(2004-09)

摘　　要：植物依赖昆虫传授花粉,昆虫从植物获得花粉和花蜜作为食物,两者在漫长的进化过程中形成了密切的互惠共生关系。大量研究表明,CO2浓度升高对植物花蜜的产量和组成有显著的影响。CO2浓度增加后,有花植物花蜜的产量和组分在不同物种之间的变化差异很大,即使是种内不同基因型植株的花蜜对CO2浓度增加的反应也有所不同。大部分种类花蜜的产量会增加,也有些种类会减少。花蜜中糖类、氨基酸、次生代谢物质等的含量会有不同的改变,但花蜜的主要组分基本不发生变化。CO2浓度升高对访花昆虫的影响主要通过植物间接作用于昆虫。CO2浓度增加引起物候的改变以及花蜜总量、质量、次生代谢物的改变对传粉昆虫的能量分配、繁殖、寿命和访花行为产生了重要的影响。本文综述了国内外相关研究进展,并分析了未来研究趋势及其存在的问题。Entomophilous flowers depend on the pollination of insects,and at the same time,plants provide pollen and honey as rewards.As a result,a co-evolution has been formed during their long evolutionary history.It has been well demonstrated that elevated CO2 in environment significantly affects concentration and composition of nectar.Once the CO2 concentration increases,production and components of nectar of different species could change differently even within different genotypes of the same species.At elevated CO2 level,nectar production increased,but composition of nectar did not affect significantly,meanwhile,total sugar,amino acids and secondary metabolites per flower changed on some degrees in some species of plants.Elevated CO2 affected pollinating insects indirectly.Changes of flowering phenology,and concentration and composition of secondary metabolites in nectar resulting from elevated CO2,affect energy distribution,reproduction,life longevity and collecting behavior of pollinators.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of research in impacts of elevated CO2 on nectar and pollinating insects,and put forward the prospects.

关 键 词：CO2 大气变化 花蜜 次生代谢物 传粉昆虫 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]