从实现机制和及物类型看汉语的“借用动量词”  

Can verb classifiers be borrowed from nouns?

作　　者：李湘[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《中国语文》2011年第4期313-325,383,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目<面向语义搜索的汉语词汇本体知识研究>(批准号:10JJD740008);国家自然科学基金项目<面向文本推理的汉语语义计算模型研究>(项目号:90920011)的资助

摘　　要：本文探讨汉语中的"借用动量词"及相关语言现象。首先对"借用动量词"的名实对应进行了考辨,指出"借用动量词"未必实现了量词的功能和身份,所谓"名词借用为动量词"其实是一种复现同指事件的表达策略;然后从动词的自反性类型着眼,厘清了"语素离析"和"工具转喻"两种实现机制的纠葛,并且结合事件的及物性特征分析了工具格名词表达动量的语义条件;最后探讨了"借用动量短语"和一般动量短语在语义指称、句法功能等方面的差异,进而论证"借用动量短语"可能具有的核心论元地位。In Chinese,some verb classifiers are assumed to be borrowed from nouns.This paper argues that 'verb classifiers' is not an appropriate term in this case since they act as a strategy for event reference reduplication in contexts.From the perspective of the transitivity theory,the paper clarifies two kinds of mechanism related to this phenomenon,morpheme-isolation and instrument-metonymy,and states the semantic restrictions of the co-occurring noun.Differring from a normal verb-classifier phrase semantically and syntactically,the so-called borrowed verb-classifier phrase can be considered as a potential core argument rather than an adjunction.

关 键 词：借用动量词 转喻 自反性 及物特征 核心论元 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]