氮肥用量和基追肥比例对白肋烟化学成分和香气物质含量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Basal Fertilizer/Dressing Ratio on Contents of Chemical and Aroma Components in Burley Tobacco

作　　者：王德宝[1] 史宏志[1] 杨兴有 汪清泽 吴纯奎[4] 周开绪 靳冬梅 尹宏博 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,郑州市文化路95号450002 [2]四川达州市烟草公司 [3]安徽中烟工业公司,合肥市高新区黄山路606号230088 [4]四川省烟草公司,成都市槐树街1号610000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2011年第6期60-66,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：四川省烟草公司2007科技项目"四川优质白肋烟生产理论与技术的研究应用"(SCYC2007-5-3)

摘　　要：以达白1号为材料,研究了不同施氮量和基追肥比例对四川达州白肋烟化学成分及香气物质含量的影响。结果表明,施氮量和基追肥比例对烟叶化学成分和中性香气物质都有不同程度的影响。随着施氮量的增加,白肋烟的总氮、烟碱、K^＋、K^＋/Cl^-均有增加趋势,总糖、还原糖、Cl^-、氮碱比呈下降趋势。各处理中部叶总中性致香成分含量随施氮量的增加呈现出先增加,之后又有所降低的趋势。较低施氮量处理（120-255 kg/hm^2）增加追肥所占比例能增加中性香气物质总量。较高施氮量处理（300 kg/hm^2）,基追肥比例对香气物质总量的影响不明显。当施氮量超过255 kg/hm^2时,烟叶的总氮、烟碱含量过高,化学成分不协调。0~210 kg/hm^2施氮量范围内,相同施氮量下随着基肥比例的减小,总氮、烟碱、K＋含量,K＋/Cl-有增加趋势,当施氮量超过255 kg/hm^2时基追肥比例对总氮、烟碱的影响不明显。从烟叶化学成分和中性香气物质方面分析,以施纯氮210~255 kg/hm^2,基肥比例60%表现最优。Taking cultivar Dabai No. 1 as the sample, the effects of nitrogen rate and basal fertilizer/dressing ratio on the contents of chemical and aroma components in burley tobacco were investigated in Dazhou, Sichuan. The results showed that nitrogen rate and basal fertilizer/dressing ratio affected chemical and neutral aroma components differently. The contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, K ^＋ and K ^＋ to Cl^- ratio in burley tobacco increased, while total sugar, reducing sugar, Cl^- and total nitrogen to nicotine ratio decreased along with the increase of nitrogen application amount. The contents of total neutral aroma components in middle leaves of all treatments increased first and then decreased somewhat with the increase of nitrogen rate. For the treatments of lower N rate （ 120 to 255 kg/hm^2） , increasing dressing proportion could raise the total amount of neutral aroma components; while for the treatments of higher N rate （300 kg/hm^2） , basal fertilizer/dressing ratio possessed little effects on the total amount of neutral aroma components. When nitrogen rate was higher than 255 kg/hm^2 , the total nitrogen and nicotine contents would be too high to maintain chemical balance in tobacco. Under the same nitrogen rate within 0 to 210 kg/hm^2 , total nitrogen, nicotine, K ^＋ , and K ^＋ to Cl^- ratio increased with the decrease of basal fertilizer proportion. When nitrogen rate exceeded 255 kg/ hm^2 , the influence of basal fertilizer/dressing ratio on the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine was not obvious. In view of chemical and neutral aroma components, the optimal treatment was pure nitrogen rate within 210 to 255 kg/hm^2 and basal fertilizer proportion 60%.

关 键 词：白肋烟 化学成分 中性香气物质 施氮量 基追肥比例 

分 类 号：S570.062[农业科学—作物学]