大麻微生物-蒸汽爆破联合脱胶技术  

Microbial and steam explosion united technique in hemp degumming

作　　者：蔡侠[1] 熊和平[1] 严理[1] 李智敏[1] 朱作华[1] 唐守伟[1] 彭源德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《纺织学报》2011年第7期75-79,共5页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"支撑计划项目(2007BAD41B02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题资助项目(nyhyzx07-018-08);现代农业产业技术体系建设资助项目(nycytx-19-E22;CARS-19-E26)

摘　　要：为缩短大麻脱胶时间,提高纤维质量,研究了微生物和蒸汽爆破联合的脱胶技术。在现有的微生物脱胶工艺和预设蒸汽爆破参数条件下,确定了微生物-蒸汽爆破联合脱胶是较好的工艺顺序。对蒸汽爆破阶段的不同参数进行单因子和正交试验。脱胶后大麻纤维的组分测定和性能检测结果显示,微生物-蒸汽爆破联合脱胶技术的较好工艺参数为:脱胶微生物Dm111对大麻的处理温度35℃,180 r/min振荡培养6 h。蒸汽爆破的较好条件为:压力2.5 MPa,保压时间120 s。经此工艺处理后的大麻纤维素含量为77.01%,而且果胶、半纤维素和木质素的含量比原麻分别降低了89.15%,33.75%和30.64%,胶质去除效果较好,纤维分裂度和强力分别达到689 m/g和80 N。该工艺缩短了大麻脱胶时间,且最终纤维质量较好。To shorten the duration of hemp degumming and increase the fiber quality,microbial and steam explosion united degumming technique was studied.Based on the existing technique of microbial retting and the choice parameters of steam explosion,microbial and steam explosion united technique was deemed to be the better technique order.The single-factor and orthogonal tests were performed during the steam explosion experiment.The components and qualities of the degumming hemp were tested finally.The results indicated the best united-degumming conditions were： during the microbial retting,hemp was incubated with Dm111 strain at 35 ℃ shaking-flask 180 r/min for 6 h.And the steam explosion was performed in a holding-time of 120 s a nd a pressure of 2.5 MPa.The analysis data showed that the cellulose of degumming hemp was 77.01%,and the pectin,hemicelluloses and lignin were removed by 89.15%,33.75% and 30.64%,respectively.The degree of fiber separation was 689 m/g and the strength of fiber was 80 N.This technique shortened the degumming time and produced better hemp fiber.

关 键 词：大麻 纤维 微生物 蒸汽爆破 脱胶 

分 类 号：TS192.552[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]