采煤驱动下潘谢矿区水体演变及其景观生态效应  

Water Body Evolution and Its Landscape Ecological Effects Caused by Coal Underground Mining in Panxie Coal Mine Area

作　　者：孟磊[1,2] 冯启言[1,2] 周来[2] 苏梅琳[2] 吴侃[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《地球与环境》2011年第2期219-223,共5页Earth and Environment

基　　金：环境保护部公益性行业科研专项基金资助项目(200809128)

摘　　要：基于Landsat数据利用水体指数、波段运算和阈值法提取了淮南潘谢矿区1979、1987、2000及2006年水体信息,结合矿井采掘工程布置识别了塌陷水体与自然水体。面积统计结果表明1979年自然水体、塌陷水体面积最小,1980年后农田水利工程、开挖鱼塘、取土烧砖等人为活动导致后期自然水体面积增大;矿区内井工采煤导致塌陷水体逐年增多,2000年至2006年增长最快,同一时期内的煤炭开采强度也最大。基于景观生态学计算了各年份水体景观格局指数,结果表明水体景观破碎程度逐渐增大,区域景观由连续变化结构向斑块镶嵌体结构转变,塌陷水体周边水陆交错带面积逐渐增加,在一定程度上提高了区域生物多样性。预计将来塌陷水体将成为潘谢矿区水环境的重要组成,应当进行水产养殖、农业灌溉供水、工业供水、人工湿地公园等综合开发利用。Water body in Panxie coal mine area of 1979,1987,2000 and 2006 were extracted from Landsat image with water index,bands calculation and threshold method.Subsided and natural water bodies were identified by overlaying mining engineering map with the interpretation results.The statistical data showed that natural water body area of 1979 was smaller than that of other years,which was mainly caused by irrigation and drainage projects,fish ponds excavation,soil digging for burning bricks,et al.launched in 1980.Subsided water body had increased dramatically during 2000 to 2006,which corresponded to the high coal mining exploitation intensity of Panxie coal mine in the meantime.According to calculation results of landscape ecological indexes,the water body landscape fragmentation increased,which made the whole area changed from continuous landscape structure to patched landscape.The area of land-water ecotone around the subsided water bodies increased from 1979 to 2006,which enhanced the bio-diversity in some degree.In future,subsided water bodies will be he main kind of water bodies and they should be treated and utilized,such as aquaculture,irrigation,industry water supply,wetland park,etc.

关 键 词：采煤 水体演变 景观生态效应 潘谢矿区 

分 类 号：X141[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X24