同音字族内的听觉通道词频效应与同音字表征的激活  

Auditory Word Frequency Effect within Homophone Families and the Activation of Homophone Representations

作　　者：李小健[1,2] 王文娜[3] 李晓倩[4] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心 [2]华南师范大学教科院心理学系,广州510631 [3]香港中文大学心理学系 [4]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第7期749-762,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30570607);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(05JJDXLX006);广东省自然科学基金团队项目(06200524)支持

摘　　要：对于同音词家族较大的词汇(例如汉语单音节词),听觉通道的词汇通达和词汇表征的激活会受同音词汇歧义怎样的影响,仍不很清楚。本研究采用了两个听觉通道的实验。实验一的听写任务发现在孤立音节的同音字选择上存在歧义的同时还存在同音字族内的高频偏向,并非随机选择;实验二的音-字同音判断任务对比同音与不同音条件得到同音促进量,揭示了孤立音节在激活语音表征时还会引起同音高频字表征的自动激活,而同音低频字则受到抑制。结果说明存在同音字族内的听觉通道词频效应,同音的高、中、低频字的表征激活具有不同等性,导致不穷尽通达,且同音的最高频字得到更多通达机会。这些发现难以被现有的词汇通达和同音词表征激活模型解释,文章提出一个能够解释这些听觉通道发现的模型。To those lexicons with larger homophone families, e.g. Chinese monosyllabic words, it has remained unclear what influence homophonic lexical ambiguity has on the lexical access of auditory modality and the activation of word representations. This study of speech comprehension included two experiments of auditory modality. Experiment 1 adapted a dictation paradigm requiring participants to listen to isolated Chinese homophonic monosyllables and write down one word corresponding to each syllable. The participants performed their tasks well and without hesitation. Although each individual could make the lexical access, the population showed lexical ambiguity： the larger a homophone family was, the larger variety of homophones was chosen from that family by the participants. However, listeners tended to chose words of high frequencies within homophone families rather than choosing arbitrarily or by chance. Experiment 2 adapted a cross-modal paradigm of syllable-character homophonic judgment task in which a monosyllabic sound was presented to the ears followed by a visually displayed Chinese character. The participants were required to judge whether the visually displayed characters had the same pronunciation as the preceding auditory syllables. The response time for judging homophonic pairs was compared to response time for judging non-homophonic pairs. The difference, called homophonic facilitation, revealed that when a heard syllable activated its phonological representation, high frequency homophones of that syllable were more often activated automatically, while low frequency homophones were mostly suppressed. The results of the two experiments demonstrate that there exists an auditory word frequency effect within each large homophone family. The activations of homophone representations are different between high, middle, and low frequency words within the families, resulting in non-exhaustive access. The most frequent homophones within families were more likely to be accessed. These findings are diffic

关 键 词：汉语音节 同音词表征 听觉通道词汇通达 同音词汇歧义 同音族内词频效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]