江西鄱阳湖地区土壤酸化与人为源氮的关系  

The Relationship between Soil Acidification and Nitrogen Inputs in the Poyang Lake Area,Jiangxi Province,China

作　　者：文帮勇[1] 杨忠芳[1] 侯青叶[1] 杨晓燕[1] 尹国胜[2] 衷存堤[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]江西省地质调查研究院,江西南昌335001

出　　处：《现代地质》2011年第3期562-568,共7页Geoscience

基　　金：江西省人民政府与国土资源部中国地质调查局合作项目(J[2005]011-013)

摘　　要：江西鄱阳湖地区是我国土壤酸化严重的地区之一,对比研究区多目标区域地球化学调查与第二次土壤普查资料发现,研究区土壤酸化趋势严重,强酸性土壤占研究区面积比例由58.22%上升到78.44%;赣江、抚河水系入湖区和饶河流域表层土壤酸化明显。研究区因施肥、大气干湿沉降和灌溉输入到农田的氮素分别为123.84 kg.hm-.2a-1、74.13 kg.hm-.2a-1、11.02 kg.hm-.2a-1。研究区因人为氮带入农田的H+为18.67 kmol.hm-.2a-1。化肥氮是引起土壤酸化的主控因素,氮沉降也是影响土壤酸化的主要因素之一。土壤pH与氮含量呈较差负相关,说明土壤中的有机氮对土壤酸化作用有限,增施有机肥和复合肥,适当减少氮肥,特别是铵态氮肥的比例,可以补充盐基物质的相对不足,达到缓解土壤酸化的作用。土壤pH与钙含量呈极显著正相关,适量增施含钙物质可以有效地防止表层土壤酸度降低。The Poyang Lake area in Jiangxi Province is one of the most soil acidification areas in China.This paper aims to study the relationship between soil acidification and soil nitrogen inputs through fertilization,atmospheric deposition and irrigation in this area.Firstly,soil pH variation in the last two decades was investigated by comparing data from the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey carried out in the early 21st century and that from the second soil survey in the 1980s,and the result showed that the area of serious acidification had increased from 58.22% to 78.44%.Nitrogen input fluxes from fertilization,atmospheric deposition and irrigation are 123.84 kg · hm-2 · a-1,74.13 kg · hm-2 · a-1 and 11.02 kg · hm-2 · a-1,respectively.With these nitrogen inputs,protons enter into soils,which causes soil acidification.Anthropogenic activities bring proton input to soil by 18.67 kmol · hm-2 · a-1.Nitrogen fertilization is the first factor for soil acidification of the Poyang Lake area.The negative correlation between soil pH and N implies that organic N has little concern with soil acidification and so enhancing organic fertilization and reducing chemical N fertilization are good measures for preventing further acidification.Soil pH has a positive correlation with Ca,so Ca-riched matter will reduce soil acidification.

关 键 词：土壤酸化 大气干湿沉降 输入通量 化肥氮 鄱阳湖地区 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]