上海大气中花粉与颗粒物的复合污染特征  

Preliminary studies on complex pollution caused by ambient allergenic pollens and urban particulate matters in Shanghai

作　　者：冯满[1] 吕森林[1] 张睿[1] 沈春琳[2] 黄建花[3] 王幼芳[3] 吴李泉[4] 冯加良[1] 吴明红[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200444 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [3]华东师范大学,上海200062 [4]浙江科技学院建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2011年第7期1095-1101,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10775094;40973072);上海市浦江人才计划项目;上海市科委重点基础研究项目(10JC1405500);上海市教委科技创新重点项目(11ZZ80);上海市重点学科项目(S30109)

摘　　要：于2009～2010年,利用风标式花粉采集器,采集了上海不同区域春、秋、冬季的飞散花粉和大气颗粒物样品,并于春季(2010年4月)利用重力花粉采集器在不同高度采集了飞散花粉样品,以及不同区域悬铃木的花粉.对风标花粉采样器采集的样品进行溶酸处理后进行花粉鉴定;对重力法采集的花粉样品染色后直接进行观察.利用高分辨的扫描电镜(SEM)对悬铃木花粉上吸附的大气颗粒物进行了微观表征.结果显示,上海春季大气中的花粉以木本植物花粉为主.不同区域悬铃木花粉上所吸附的颗粒物组分有所差异.冬季和春季大气颗粒物(总悬浮颗粒物)中的SO42-的浓度均为所检测离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-)中浓度最高的,NO3-、SO42-、NH4+在冬季样品中要比春季样品中的浓度高.上海大气颗粒物中的地壳元素的质量浓度从高到低为Ca>Na>Mg>K.Ambient pollens and atmospheric particulates samples were collected in different regions of Shanghai in spring,autumn and winter from 2009 to 2010 by Pierre Cour pollen samplers.Distribution of ambient pollens at different heights were investigated by using of Durham pollen samplers in spring（April,2010）,additionally,we collected Platanus grains in different regions.The pollens collected by Pierre Cour pollen samplers were identified by light microscope after the samples were treated with acids,while the pollens collected by Durham pollen samplers were observed after the pollens were stained.Microscopic morphologies of PM which adsorbed on Platanus grains were obtained by using SEM.Our results showed that woody plant pollens were the dominant airborne pollens during spring.Pollutant characters absorbed on Platanus grains which were sampled in different regions were different.The ion chromatography results showed that the concentration of SO4^2-was highest in the detected ions,including Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋,NH4^＋,NO3^-,SO4^2-and Cl^-.The concentrations of NO3^-,SO4^2-,NH4^＋ were higher in winter than that in spring.Elemental analysis using ICP-AES indicated that mass concentrations of crustal elements in Shanghai PM were in the order of Ca Na Mg K.

关 键 词：上海市 大气颗粒物 飞散致敏花粉 复合污染 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]