架构创新、生态位优化与后发企业的跨越式赶超——基于比亚迪、联发科、华为、振华重工创新实践的理论探索  

The Innovation in Framework,the Ecological Optimization, and the Great Leap forward of Latecomer Firms: a Theoretic Exploration Founded on the Innovational Practice of the companies-BYD, MTK, Huawei and ZPMC

作　　者：朱瑞博[1] 刘志阳[2] 刘芸[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国浦东干部学院教研部 [2]上海财经大学国际工商管理学院 [3]上海海事职业技术学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2011年第7期69-97,188,共29页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于模块化理论的自主创新机制与标准化战略研究"(06CJL011);国家社会科学基金项目"自主创新与高科技产业模块化管理研究"(10CJY013);2011年度上海市科学技术委员会软科学研究重点项目"战略性新兴产业的发展规律及政府作用机制研究--以新能源汽车为例"(11692101200);2010年度上海市决策咨询研究重点课题"推进上海战略性新兴产业发展对策研究"(2010-A-09-B)资助

摘　　要：架构创新是对产品构成、组织结构和生产流程的系统性创新,它不仅反映了产品构成要素之间相互依存和功能分担关系的改变,还反映了产业系统内各利益主体之间互动关系的改变。架构创新为后发企业占据有利的生态位提供了难得的机会窗口,是企业生态位优化的有效方式。充分发挥中国低劳动力成本优势是架构创新策略的主要着眼点,技术成熟度和产品性能优化决定着产品架构是整合性还是模块性,差异化的架构创新策略是能否突破先发企业构建的追赶陷阱或战略性隔绝机制的关键,架构创新能力的高低决定着企业能否采取适宜的架构创新策略。仅仅进行了架构创新并不能保证一定能够从创新中持续获利,还需要拥有和掌控关键性的互补资产。The innovation in frame (IIF) means the systematic creation in the product formation, the organizational structure and the production process. The IIF reflects not only the change in the interdependence and function-sharing relations among the elements of product formation, but also the change in the interactive relations among various stakeholders within the industry system. The IIF, an effective way to the optimization of the enterprise position, has provided the window of opportunity for latecomer firms to take favorable ecological positions. Fully playing the role of the advantage of the low cost of China s labor force is the focus of the innovative tactics in the framework while the degree of the technology maturity and the optimization of the product performance decide whether the product frame is unified or modular. The tactics of the differentiated IIF are the key to springing out of the trap in the catching up in the construction of latecomer enterprises and to the mechanism of strategic isolation, and the level of the IIF decides whether firms can adopt appropriate tactics in IIF. However, the IIF itself cannot necessarily guarantee that firms can get profit; it is also necessary for firms to possess and control the critical complementary assets.

关 键 词：架构创新 企业生态位 跨越式赶超 从架构创新中获利 互补性资产 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]