原发性膀胱小细胞癌诊治体会  

Diagnosis and treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

作　　者：李刚[1] 郭宗华[1] 权昌益[1] 陈靖[1] 张翠莲[2] 张淑敏[1] 王娟[1] 牛远杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学第二医院泌尿外科天津市泌尿外科研究所,300211 [2]山东省潍坊市人民医院泌尿外科

出　　处：《中华泌尿外科杂志》2011年第7期459-462,共4页Chinese Journal of Urology

摘　　要：目的探讨膀胱小细胞癌的临床及病理特点。方法回顾性分析9例膀胱小细胞癌的基本资料。男6例，女3例。年龄45～79岁，平均62岁。临床表现为肉眼血尿7例，排尿困难及下腹部疼痛2例。肿瘤直径0．5～7．0cm，平均2．0cm；多发2例，单发5例，全膀胱弥漫性生长2例。7例行尿脱落细胞学检查，阳性4例。9例均行手术治疗，其中4例术前诊断为浅表性者行TURBt，术后均定期行吡柔比星膀胱灌注，1例化疗3个周期；膀胱部分切除2例，均定期行吡柔比星膀胱灌注，1例化疗2个周期；根治性膀胱全切3例，静脉化疗2例。结果术后病理检查：肿瘤细胞体积小，呈圆形，胞质稀少，核浓染，缺乏巢状结构。免疫组化染色：嗜铬素A（＋）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（＋）。诊断为小细胞癌，其中1例含移行细胞癌成分，1例合并前列腺癌。1例术前检查显示高血钙（3．15mmol／L）和低血磷（0．61mmol／L），术后1个月血钙及血磷恢复正常。保留膀胱者随访4例，3例分别于术后4、9、25个月死于转移，1例术后化疗者随访24个月未见复发及转移。膀胱全切3例中2例分别于术后2、28个月死亡，1例术后随访32个月未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论膀胱小细胞癌恶性程度高，预后差，根治性膀胱全切加全身化疗是主要的治疗方法，保留膀胱的手术应配合全身化疗。决定预后的是肿瘤的临床分期及治疗方法。Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Methods The pathological and clinical data of 9 cases of small cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. There were 6 males and 3 females, ages 45 to 79 years （mean age, 62 years）. Clinical manifestations of 7 cases included gross hematuria and dysuria, the other 2 cases experienced lower abdominal pain. The mean tumor size was 2.0 cm （ranged, 0. 5 to 7.0 era）. Two cases had multiple tumors and 5 cases had single tumors. The growth pattern in 2 cases was diffuse growth in the whole bladder. In 4 cases tumor ceils were found in urine cytology. All 9 patients underwent surgical treatment, including TURBt. Four patients were diagnosed as superficial tumors before operation. All the patients underwent regular theprubicine irrigation in the bladder. One case underwent additional intravenous chemotherapy for 3 cycles. Partial cystectomy was performed in 2 cases, with regular theprubicine irrigation in bladder and 1 case underwent intravenous chemotherapy for 2 cycles. Radical cystectomy was performed in 3 cases, with 2 cases undergoing intravenous chemotherapy after operation. Results Pathological findings showed that tumor cells were small and round in shape. These hyperchromatic nuclei showed limited cytoplasm with lack of nesting characters. CgA and NSE were positive in immunohistochemistry. The final diagnosis was small cell carcinoma, with 1 case accompanied with transitional cell carcinoma and 1 case accompanied with prostate cancer. One case showed high preoperative serum calcium （3. 15 mmol/L） and low serum phosphate （0.61 mmol/L）, which returned to normal 1 month after operation. Four cases who＇s bladder was preserved were followed up, 3 cases were alive for 4, 9 and 25 months after operation. The 1 case who underwent intravenous chemotherapy was followed up for 24 months and there was no sign of relapse or metastasis. In all the 3 cases with radical cystectomy, 2 cases died 2 a

关 键 词：膀胱肿瘤 小细胞癌 病理 治疗 

分 类 号：R737.14[医药卫生—肿瘤]