联想学习与工作记忆在流体智力发展中的作用  

The Role of Associative Learning and Working Memory in the Development of Fluid Intelligence

作　　者：王腾飞[1] 李春花[1] 徐芬[2] 郭筱琳[1] 罗献明[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]浙江理工大学理学院,杭州310018 [3]温州医学院环境与公共卫生学院,温州325035

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2011年第4期337-343,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2006FY110400)

摘　　要：以115名7、10、13岁儿童为研究对象,采用配对联想学习、倒序背数、字母-数字排序、图画概念和矩阵推理等测验,考察联想学习与工作记忆在流体智力发展中的作用。结果发现:联想学习与工作记忆在流体智力发展中均起着重要的作用,然而,在不同年龄上,两者对流体智力的作用并不相同。具体来说,在7岁时,联想学习对流体智力的作用显著,而工作记忆的作用不显著;到10岁和13岁时,工作记忆对流体智力的作用显著,而联想学习的作用不再显著。从效应量来看,随着年龄的增长,联想学习对流体智力的作用逐渐减小,而工作记忆的作用则逐渐增加。The present study recruited 115 children aged 7,10,and 13 to clarify the role of associative learning and working memory in the development of fluid intelligence by using Associate Learning Test from Wechsler Memory Scale,Paired-Associate Learning Test,and Picture Concepts,Matrix Reasoning,Digit Span Backward and Letter-Number Sequencing Tests from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The results demonstrated that both associative learning and working memory could significantly account the age difference of fluid intelligence. However,associative learning plays a larger role than working memory in fluid intelligence at 7-year-old group,whereas working memory plays larger roles in 10-and 13-year-old groups. To sum up,as children grow older the role of associative learning in fluid intelligence is decreasing,while the role of working memory is increasing.

关 键 词：联想学习 工作记忆 流体智力 儿童 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]