隧道施工中的岩爆及时预测  

Prediction of Rockburst in Tunnel Construction

作　　者：金志仁[1] 徐文胜[2] 范海波[2] 王元汉[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院土木工程学院,湖南益阳413000 [2]华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《土木工程与管理学报》2011年第2期39-43,共5页Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

摘　　要：岩爆是高地应力条件下隧道及地下洞室开挖中围岩因卸荷而发生的岩片爆裂松脱、剥落、弹射的地质灾害。本文研究了岩爆形成机制和岩爆的主要影响因素,指出岩爆的发生主要与岩石性质、地质条件和应力状况有关。为了避免或减少岩爆造成的损失,需要正确预测岩爆,其中重要工作是及时测量地应力的大小和岩石抗压强度。针对高地应力条件下隧道及地下洞室施工过程中,经常发生岩爆的地质灾害,需要进行及时的预测预报,预报要求快捷、简便、实用。其中岩石抗压强度采用点荷载强度仪容易进行确定,主要困难是如何及时进行地应力测量。本文改进了门塞式应力恢复法,推导了切向应力的计算公式,确定了公式中的等效应力系数。将该方法应用于大广南高速公路鄂赣隧道施工过程中的岩爆预测预报,预测结果与实际情况符合较好,有效地指导了岩爆的防治,并减少了相应的损失。Rockburst is a kind of the geological disaster which is often happen in the tunnel during space construction under high stress condition,which rock mass unloaded and fragmented,peeled off,shot off.The mechanism and main influence factors which cause the rockburst are studied.The rockburst is mainly related to the rock mass properties,geological conditions and geo-stress states.In order to avoid the losses caused by the rockburst,it is needed to predict the process.The main work is to measure the geo-stresses of the field and compression strength of the rock mass.The rockburst is often unexpected to happen for the construction process of the tunnels under spaces in the high geo-stress conditions.It is necessary to predict whether the rockburst happens.If it happens,we need know when,where and the strength.The process should be fast,simple,and economical.In this study,the compression strength of the rock mass can be measured in time by the point-loading machine.The most difficult work is to measure the geo-stress.The piston surrounding rock quadratic stress test is improved.The equation of the tangential stress of the tunnel is introduced and the effective stress factor is determined.This method is applied in the timely prediction of rockburst in the construction of tunnel of Hubei-Jianxi Tunnel of Daqin-Guangzhou Highway.This prediction agrees well with the practice of the tunnel construction.It gives effective advice to avoid rockburst in the construction and to reduce the losses.

关 键 词：岩爆 预报 隧道施工 门塞式应力恢复法 地应力 抗压强度 

分 类 号：O38[理学—流体力学] O241[理学—力学]