试析英国的封建制度及其宪政之生成  

作　　者：李栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2011年第4期59-70,共12页Global Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金(青年项目)"英国法治道路的国际经验借鉴研究"(批准号10CFX010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中世纪欧洲普遍存在的封建制度对不同国家的政治法律道路走向起到了不同的作用。诺曼征服后,英国王权的适度强大以及在此基础上形成的王权与教、俗贵族集团之间特殊的力量对比结构,不仅成功地使其抑制了封建制度内在"离心力"的潜在危害,而且很好地汲取了封建制度"双向性契约关系"的宪政主义因素,成功走上发展宪政之路。相反,欧陆各国由于适度中央权力的缺失,封建制度中"双向性的契约关系"非但不能促进宪政要素的生长,反而加剧、放大了封建制度内在"离心力"的危害,从而成为阻碍宪政文明进步的一种消极性力量。英国宪政成长的事实告诉我们,适度的权力在一国法治、宪政生成过程中具有重要意义。As a universally established system in Europe in Middle Ages, feudal system had influenced trends of political and legal developments in different countries differently. After the Norman Conquest, the moderate strengthening of the royalty and special balance of powers among the royalty, church and nobility formed on the basis of the increasingly strengthened royalty had not only successfully restrained the potential danger of inherent ＂centrifugal force＂ existed in feudal system, but had also drawn smartly on the elements of constitutionalism contained in the ＂two-way contractual relationships＂ of feudal system. The shaping of constitutionalism thus came true. On the contrary, in European countries, due to the lack of proper central authority, the ＂two-way contractual relationships＂ practiced in feudal system, instead of fostering the growth of elements of constitutionalism, had actually sharpened and increased the danger of ＂ centrifugal force＂ existed in feudal system. As a result, it became a negative force obstructing the progress of civilization of constitutionalism. The growth of constitutionalism in England reveals that proper power obtained plays a vital role in the process of materializing rule of law and constructing constitutionalism in a country.

关 键 词：封建制度 离心力 双向性契约关系 适度权力 

分 类 号：D956.1[政治法律—法学] DD911