从言语行为到文体类型——汉语言说动词转指现象的认知分析  

From Speech Acts to Genre Category——Cognitive Analysis on the Metonymy Phenomenon of Chinese Speech Act Verbs

作　　者：吴剑峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海200030

出　　处：《外语学刊》2011年第4期15-18,共4页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"现代汉语言说动词研究"(09CYY032)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从历时的角度看,汉语中的言说动词由指称言语行为最终名词化为指称文体类型,经历了连续的两个转喻阶段,其发生连续转喻的认知基础分别是原因——结果关系和整体——部分关系。一个言语行为就是一个认知模型,经由言语行为方式向文本方式乃至文体类型的演变,成功言语行为的适切条件在言语行为的概念化过程中通过文本的方式得以在语言层面固化。作为言语行为的结果演变而来的言说类公务文体,其社会功能依然是实施与该文体名称相同的某一特定的言语行为,而其独特的形态特征则是成功实施该言语行为的适切条件文本化的结果,并植根于这一文体独特的言语行为方式及社会功能。From the diachronic point of view,speech act verbs in Chinese have undergone two successive metonymy periods when finally nominalized to reference genre category from reference speech acts.The cognitive basis of this serial metonymy is cause-effect relationship and whole-part relationship.One speech act is one cognitive model which develops via speech act style to text mode or even genre category.During the process of the conceptualization of speech acts,the felicitous conditions for successful speech acts are entrenched in the level of language through text mode.The official speech style,evolved from the result of the speech acts,still possesses the social function to implement a certain speech act which has got the same name as this speech style.Its special morphology is the result of the textualization of the proper conditions which successfully implement this speech act and are rooted in this special speech act style as well as its social function.

关 键 词：言说动词 名词化 连续转喻 文体 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]