论合同生效要件之证明责任分配  

Distribution of Burden of Proof for Requirements of Validity of Contract

作　　者：胡东海[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2011年第4期121-127,共7页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:"证明责任视野下民法规范的检讨与整合研究"(批准号:10BFX087)

摘　　要：民法教义学中,合同履行请求权至少应包括合同生效要件。其中,合同的特别生效要件由原告承担证明责任,学说及实践中已无异议;合同的"一般生效要件",并无"符合"与否的问题,而只有"违反"如何的问题。私法自治原则要求,证明责任分配在参与民法外部体系的构建时,将合同效力要件规定为"效力阻却要件",交由被告承担证明责任,所以,应对《证据规定》第5条规定之"生效要件"作目的性限缩。此种以证明责任为解释目标的进路,表明证明责任分配也是法规范之关联脉络的一种,解释论亦应以证明责任分配为解释目标。According to the dogmatics of civil law,the right of claim for execution of a contract may include the requirement of validity of contract at least.In academic or practical circles,there is no objection to that the plaintiff shall bear the burden of proof on the special requirements of validity of contract.The general requirements of validity of contract are involved in how to violate,rather than how to coincide.On the procedure of building the external system of civil law,according to the autonomy of private law,the distribution of the burden of proof define the effective elements of contract to the resistant elements of contract which should be proved by the defendant.Therefore,the effective essentials of Article 5 of the Rules of Evidence should be limited on that purpose.The approach of regarding burden of proof as explanatory goal of civil laws also indicates that the distribution of the burden of proof is the one of the associated context of legal norms,and the interpretative theory should not disregard it.

关 键 词：合同特别生效要件 合同一般生效要件 效力阻却要件 证明责任分配 解释论 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]