“交换ICM”方向性的句法表现  

Syntactic Constrains of Exchange ICM's Directionality

作　　者：延俊荣[1] 潘文[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学语言研究所,太原030006 [2]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《汉语学习》2011年第4期52-58,共7页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"现代汉语单音节手部动作动词ICM(典型认知模型)研究"(项目编号:09BYY052);山西大学校内基金"现代汉语手部词语的引申机制研究"(项目编号:1009022)的资助

摘　　要："给予"类动词和"取得"类动词在句法表现上有相同之处,如都可构成"NP_1+V+NP_2+NP_3"和"NP_1+V+NP_3+给+NP_2",但也存在着差异,如"NP_1+V给+NP_2+NP_3"只适用于"给予"类动词。在ICM理论的指导下,文章论证了"给予ICM"和"取得ICM"是"交换ICM"的不同例示,二者最大的差别是方向性的不同,即"方向性"是"交换ICM"最重要的语义属性之一。而方向性是相对于参照点而言的,"交换ICM"的最佳参照点为NP_1。从NP_1来看,"给予ICM"表现为外向性,"取得ICM"表现为内向性。这一区分统一地说明了给予类动词和取得类动词在句法表现上的异同,即"V"和"给"在"方向性"上的兼容与否是"V"和"给"并置与否的最重要的制约因素。Verbs belonging to the categories of Giving and Taking have same syntactic behaviors, such as they both can form the same sequence,on the other hand,differences arises in terms of the juxtaposition of V and＂get＂,i.e.only the Giving verbs can form the sequence of＂NP_1＋V ＋ gei ＋ NP_2 ＋ NP_3＂.Under the guidelines of ICM,the paper illustrates that either Giving or Taking is the instantiations of Exchange ICM,and the striking contrast is the discrepancy of the directionality which is one of the most important attributes of exchang ICM.Undoubtedly,the directionality is relative to the reference point chosen.As far as the directionality of exchang ICM is concerned,the best reference is NP_1.In terms of NP_1,Giving is thought as thither oriented,while Taking hither oriented.Thus,the differences of the syntactic behavior,especially the juxtaposition of V and＂gei＂,between Giving verbs Taking verbs can be explained.To be specific,the main constraining factor is compatibility of the directionality possessed by V and＂gei＂.

关 键 词：ICM 给予 方向性 语义兼容 并置 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]