我国典型电子垃圾拆解地持久性有毒化学污染物污染现状  

Pollution Status and Perspectives of Persistent Toxic Substances in E-Waste Dismantling Area in China

作　　者：傅建捷[1] 王亚韡[1] 周麟佳[2] 张爱茜[1] 江桂斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第8期1755-1768,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.20737003);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZCX2-YW-Q02-05);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2009CB421605)资助

摘　　要：电子垃圾拆解所引起的环境问题已经受到广泛关注,根据联合国环境规划署统计,全球约70%的电子垃圾通过各种途径进入我国,而我国自身也产生大量的电子垃圾。我国电子垃圾拆解活动采用的工艺较为原始,位于广东的贵屿和浙江的台州是我国最大的两个电子垃圾拆解地,拆解过程中电子垃圾本身含有和不当处置所产生的大量持久性有毒化学污染物(如重金属、二英类、溴代阻燃剂等)释放到环境中,对拆解地生态系统及居民健康造成严重的威胁。本文重点针对我国电子垃圾拆解所造成的持久性有毒污染物(PTS)污染现状、管理措施和法规、拆解区居民所面临的持久性有毒污染物暴露健康风险及其相关研究最新进展进行了分析和概括,并对电子垃圾拆解区域持久性有毒污染物及新型环境污染物研究和发展方向作了展望。The environmental problems caused by e-waste dismantling have been continuously concerned around the world in recent years. About 70% of the global e-waste was imported to China through various routes according to statistical data by UNEP. As a country with high economy development, China generates amounts of e- waste itself. Guiyu in Guangdong Province and Taizhou in Zhejiang Province are two main e-waste dismantling areas in China. The processes of e-waste dismantling activities adopted are usually very primitive in these areas. Large numbers of persistent toxic substances （such as dioxin-like compounds, heavy metals and brominated flame retardants） were released to ambient environment during the dismantling processes, which had brought serious environmental pollution and health risk to the inhabitants lived in these regions. This paper reviewed the policies of e-waste recycling in China during the last decades, PTS pollution status in environment, and health risk assessment on human in e-waste dismantling areas in Guiyu and Taizhou. The future research areas on typical PTS and emerging pollutants in e-waste dismantling areas are also prospected.

关 键 词：电子垃圾 持久性有毒污染物 重金属 二嗯英类污染物 新型污染物 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X503