非面孔物体倒置效应形成过程的认知神经机制  

The Neural-mechanisms of the Formation of Inversion Effect in Non-face Object Recognition

作　　者：陶维东[1] 孙弘进 张旭东[1] 郑剑虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]湛江师范学院教育科学学院,广东524048 [2]Department of Psychology,Neuroscience & Behaviour,McMaster University

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第8期1104-1114,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000460);全国教育科学"十一五"规划基金(DBA100196);广东省教育厅育苗工程基金(WYM10106)

摘　　要：物体识别,尤其是人造新异物体专家识别形成过程的神经机制是了解大脑可塑性的一个重要窗口。当前,从行为学上或神经机制上探讨物体特定角度体验程度与物体专家识别形成关系的研究较少,本项目采用事件相关电位与行为训练相结合的方法,分别选择在社会生活中自然形成的某类物体识别专家和经人为训练形成的人造新异物体识别专家作为被试,研究非面孔物体识别倒置效应从无到有、从小到大整个过程的脑机制。通过对倒置效应大小的操纵,分离出专家识别状态下的ERP成分,并分析专家识别形成过程的脑电动态变化过程,探讨非面孔物体识别大脑可塑性变化的神经机制。在上述研究的基础上,研究者试图提出物体特定角度体验程度与物体识别加工方式选择关系模型并完善当前物体识别整体布局加工连续量假设(configural processing continuum)理论。Neural mechanisms of object recognition, especially the neural mechanisms of novel artificial objects expertise recognition are an important window to investigate the brain plasticity. In current research, the event-related potential was used to investigate the formation process of non-face object inversion effect. Two kinds of participants were selected： （1） Experts of a certain kinds of object recognition without any arbitrary trained by experimenter, such ability formed in daily life; （2） novice participant who recognize novel artificial objects with or without arbitrary training. Through manipulating the magnitude of inversion effect in a serial experiment, we aim to dissociate specific ERP components of expertise recognition and explore the brain plasticity of object recognition. The whole project tries to propose our own model which can explain the relationship between the level of experience from a certain orientation of object and the selection of processing strategies in object recognition. The result of this project also could provide the exact evidence of cognitive neuroscience to support and improve theory of configural processing continuum.

关 键 词：物体识别 倒置效应 专家识别 大脑可塑性 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]