孟德斯鸠对“礼仪之争”的解读  

The Interpretation of the Chinese Rites Controversy by Montesquieu

作　　者：许明龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,研究员北京100006

出　　处：《世界历史》2011年第4期28-38,158,共11页World History

摘　　要：礼仪之争传入欧洲后,引起法国知识菁英的广泛关注。孟德斯鸠至迟自1713年起就关注礼仪之争,但他并不介入其中,而是冷眼旁观。他阅读了当时有关中国的绝大多数主要著作,还曾与来自中国的黄嘉略和自中国返回欧洲的傅圣泽进行长谈,从阅读和谈话中汲取了大量的信息,作出了对礼仪之争的解读。他认为,礼仪之争是一场无谓的争论,基督教在中国受挫是必然的结果,他独具特色的中国观在此基础上形成。他对中国持冷峻的态度,褒贬兼具,既肯定中国的某些优点,更严厉斥责中国的种种弊端,并断然将中国定性为专制主义。The Chinese rites controversy,once introduced to Europe,drew widespread attention among French intellectual elite.Montesquieu started watching the controversy since 1713.But,instead of getting involved in the controversy,he sat on the sideline.He read most of the major works related to China that were available at that time in Europe.He also conducted long conversations in Paris with Mr.Arcade Huang,a gentleman from China,and in Rome with Father Franois Foucquet,a missionary returned from China.All of his interpretation of Chinese rites controversy and his general concept of China were on the basis of the information and knowledge he accumulated from reading and conversations.To him,Chinese rites controversy was nothing but nonsense,and the evangelization in China was doomed to failure.From his own perception of China,his observation of China is a blend of praise and censure.He pointed out both good and bad aspects of China and finally defined Chinese government as despotic.

关 键 词：十八世纪 法国 孟德斯鸠 礼仪之争 中国观 

分 类 号：K565.4[历史地理—历史学]