大型露天煤矿生态系统受损研究——以平朔露天煤矿为例  

Ecosystem damage in a large opencast coal mine ——A case study on Pingshuo Surface Coal Mine,China

作　　者：白中科[1] 赵景逵 李晋川[2] 王文英[2] 卢崇恩[2] 丁新启[3] 柴书杰[3] 陈建军[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学土化系,太谷030801 [2]山西省生物研究所,太原030006 [3]平朔安太堡露天煤矿,朔州038506

出　　处：《生态学报》1999年第6期870-875,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金："九五"国家重点科技攻关子专题

摘　　要：矿区受损生态系统的恢复与重建是脆弱生态环境综合整治的重点和难点。１３ａ的平朔露天煤矿受损生态系统定点研究表明，大型露天煤矿生态系统演变过程为３个阶段、４个类型。生态受损引发因子包括挖损、压占、占用和污染。生态受损特征表现为原生境在１００ａ左右的时间尺度下，以每年７８００万ｍ ３左右的岩土搬运速度，累计消失１６０ｋｍ ２左右。而新形成的生境与原生境相比，虽沟壑消失使地貌形态趋于简单，但重新组合堆置的固相岩土结构松散、地层层序紊乱、地表物质更趋复杂、土壤性质更趋恶化，加之区域性气候干旱，天然植被恢复无法使受损生态系统发生顺向演替，新的侵蚀地貌会加速形成。The restoration and rehabilitation for damaged ecosystems in mined areas is regarded as a key project. A study on the degraded ecosystem in the Pingshuo Surface Coal Mine for 13 years shows that development of this degradation can be divided into 3 stages and 4 types.The factors causing ecosystem damage include improper excavation,cover occupation and pollution of the land As a result an area of 160 km 2 has been destroyed,at a stripped rate of about 7800×10 4m 3·a -1 to rock and loess during the past 100 years. In comparison of habitats,between the original and post mining activities,the site is found under an extreme degradation,with looser pile to particle of rock and loess,disorder to geological strata,more complex surface material composition,exceptional infertile of soils,more serious erosion and irreversible natural vegetation restoration owing to arid climate except trending in simple topograph appearance for original gully filled.As the result,a new erosion landforms could be developed quickly if there was no effective artificial vegetation.

关 键 词：大型露天煤矿 生态系统 生态失衡 平朔 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X24