认知评价对主观情绪感受和生理活动的作用  

Cognitive Appraisal Influences Negative Emotion Experience and Physiological Activity

作　　者：原琳[1] 彭明[1] 刘丹玮[1] 周仁来[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]应用实验心理北京市重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875 [2]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第8期898-906,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目号:2009SC-3)";"国家重点基础研究计划(2010061801)";"国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB; 711000)

摘　　要：围绕认知评价对情绪的作用,针对传统认知评价实验方法的缺陷,本研究改进认知评价的操作方法,以情绪片段为实验材料,以事先的评价背景替代与观看同步的评价策略,以生理指标与情绪自评反映情绪变化,考察41名大学生的认知评价对负性情绪的影响。结果发现,持有利于情绪调节评价的个体,负性情绪感受降低,皮肤电反应减弱,但心率无变化。研究表明,认知评价影响个体的主观情绪体验,并在一定程度上抑制负性情绪所致的生理唤起的增高。To control negative emotion entails avoiding the harmful influences of bad mood, which may influence attention, memory, subjective and physical well-being, etc. Developing effective methods of negative emotion regulation are critical in improving mental health. The study of cognitive appraisal has been the recent focus of this pursuit. Cognitive appraisal is defined as a type of cognitive regulation that may eliminate negative feelings. While much evidence of cognitive appraisal has been reported, the studies often used inappropriate instructions and hence caused a confounding effect due to uncontrollable cognitive activity. For example, some researchers explicitly asked participants to try to reduce their emotional intensity by using reappraisal. As a result, participants would use unnecessary cognitive activities to decrease emotion, leading to the artificial inflation of appraisal effect. In this study, an improved method was used to solve this problem and probe only the function of appraisal on negative emotion. Three pieces of films, the length of which were all about six minutes, were chosen to elicit emotion. According to the emotional valence ratings, one of them was neutral while the other two were negative. Thirty-seven participants for the main experiment were instructed to watch the films with two physiological indexes being recorded： GSR （Galvanic Skin Reflex） and ECG （Electrocardiography）. Before and after each film, the participants were asked to rest for four minutes. A rating for their current mood was also made before and after the clips. Different from previous studies, two distinct appraisals were given to two participant groups before the second negative film started, both asked the participants to watch the films naturally. Nineteen of the participants were told the actors＇ own stories and emphasized they just ＂performed＂. The rest, as a control group, were told the content in the film. At the end of the experiment, all participants were asked if they thought the film was fa

关 键 词：负性情绪 认知评价 皮肤电反应 心率 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]