西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析  

The analysis on the reason of hermatypic coral degradation in Xisha

作　　者：吴钟解[1,2] 王道儒[1] 涂志刚[1] 李元超[1] 陈家日 张光星[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋开发规划设计研究院,海南海口570125 [2]海南大学海洋学院,海南海口570228 [3]西南中沙群岛气象台,海南永兴岛573100

出　　处：《海洋学报》2011年第4期140-146,共7页

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划--西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态恢复与特色生物资源增殖利用关键技术与示范(2009BAB44B00);中国海洋监测--西沙珊瑚礁监控

摘　　要：2005—2009年对西沙生态监控区5个站位(永兴岛、石岛、西沙洲、赵述岛和北岛)造礁石珊瑚种类、覆盖度、补充量及其主要环境因子进行了调查。研究结果表明,西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚呈现逐年退化趋势,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率从2005年的65%下降到2009年的7.93%,而死珊瑚覆盖率变化则相反,从2005年的4.70%增加到2009年的72.90%。新生珊瑚的补充量也越来越小,2005年为1.21个/m3,而2009年仅为0.07个/m3。进一步分析表明,引起西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化的原因很多,如生物侵蚀、水温升高、海水酸化和过度捕捞等,而长棘海星大面积暴发是导致西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化的主要原因。Species,coverage and recruitment of hermatypic coral and mainly-related environmental factors were investigated at five stations（Yongxing Island,Shidao Island,Xishazhou,Zhaoshu Island and North Island） during 2005-2009.The results show that hermatypic coral has been degraded year by year in Xisha ecological monitoring area.The live hermatypic coral coverage decreases from 65% in 2005 to 7.93% in 2009.In contrast,the dead coral coverage increases from 4.70% in 2005 to 72.90% in 2009.A new coral recruitment also becomes less and less.In 2005 the new coral recruitment is 1.21 ind/m3 but only 0.07 ind/m3 in 2009.Further analysis indicates that the hermatypic coral declines for many reasons in Xisha ecological monitoring area,such as bioerosion,warm water,ocean acidification and overfishing,etc,while outbreaks of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish（Acanthaster planci）are the main reason which causes the hermatypic coral to decline in Xisha ecological monitoring area.

关 键 词：西沙 生态监控区 造礁石珊瑚 退化 

分 类 号：P737.2[天文地球—海洋地质]