山区儿童精神发育迟滞患病状况分析──秦巴山区宁强试验点调查报告  

A primary analysis to sicken state of mental retarded (MR) children──An investigation report in Ningqiang experimental station in Qinba mountains

作　　者：张富昌[1] 李瑞林[2] 陈征起 宋合义[3] 郑子健[1] 高晓彩[1] 孙瑛[1] 席恒[1] 李芬[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学人口与社会发展研究所,陕西西安710069 [2]西安医科大学第二临床医学院儿科,710004 [3]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049 [4]西安医科大学第一临床医学院妇幼系,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》1999年第6期633-638,共6页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家科技部"九五"科技计划项目!96-920-11-09;陕西省"九五"重大科技项目资助课题!95K12-G3;1

摘　　要：确定秦巴山区宁强试验点儿童ＭＲ患病率、病情程度及病因结构。采用对全体儿童做智力筛查，对可疑儿童做智力诊断和医学检查的方法。结果表明：①儿童ＭＲ患病率为 ３．２７％、边缘率为 ４．９６％、总现患率为８．２３％，明显高于全国平均水平；②ＭＲ及边缘儿童在试验点的分布呈巢形分 布；③儿童ＭＲ患病率与边缘率随儿童年龄增长呈逐渐增加趋势，７～１４岁儿童的ＭＲ患病率显著 增高，与同类研究报道一致；④轻度ＭＲ占大多数，轻、重型之比约为３：１，和全国调查得出的结果 不同；⑤儿童 ＭＲ病因中产前、产时和产后因素占 ３４． ２９％、不明病因占 ６５． ７１％，和全国调查结果 大为不同。认为，试验点ＭＲ患病率明显偏高，轻度 ＭＲ占大多数，病因不明 ＭＲ颇多。其中，亚临 床克汀病、社会心理文化型 ＭＲ和有主效基因的多基因遗传型 ＭＲ，很可能代表了病因不明 ＭＲ的 绝大多数。To conform the rate of the sicken,the degree and pathogeny of MR children in Ningqiang experimental station, the intellection screening has been done for all children. The intellection diagnosing and medical testing have been done for those children who possibly were MR children. The results showed: ①MR children occupied 3.27% in total. Marginal children occupied 4. 96% in total. MR and marginal children 8. 23% in total. They were distinctly higher than the average level in China in 1988; ②The distribution of MR and marginal children in experimental station is a nest form. ③ With the ages increasing, it took an increasing trend to the rate of MR and marginal children. The results accord with the same research in China in 1988. ④The light degree of MR children were large in all MR children, the proportion of the lighl degree and the heavy degree were 3: 1. The results are different form the results of the study in China in 1988. ⑤The factors of pregnancy,produce and postpartum occupied 34. 29% among the pathogeny of MR children. The undefined factors of the pathogeny of MR children occupied 65. 71 %. The results are different form the results of the study in China in 1981. So it shows that the sicken rate of MR children is distinctly high. The light degree of MR occupied majority. The undefined factors of pathogeny are quite excessive. Especially, sub-clinical, social-culture and polygene types of MR children may be the main palt of the factor-undefined MR children.

关 键 词：精神发育迟滞 智力诊断 患病率 儿童 病因 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R174.2[医药卫生—临床医学]