清洁发展机制与中国碳排放交易市场的构建  

Clean Development Mechanism and Construction of Carbon Trading Market in China

作　　者：羊志洪[1] 鞠美庭[1] 周怡圃[2] 王琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第8期118-123,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:70873065)

摘　　要：清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》创设的实现全球碳减排目标的三大灵活机制之一,为我国的可持续发展作出了重大贡献,但其在我国运行中存在的问题也对我国参与国际碳市场和构建国内碳市场带来了风险与障碍。针对于此,本文对中国清洁发展机制项目的类型、数量、注册、签发等情况进行对比,发现我国虽然项目众多,但发展极不平衡。在此基础上,分析了中国清洁发展机制存在的主要问题,包括法律保障机制缺失,项目减排潜力发挥不充分,缺乏对转让技术的科学评估等。然后,通过介绍国际碳排放交易市场发展的不确定性和在2012年"后京都时期"的发展趋势,揭示了中国在这一过程中所承担的项目投资减少、成本增加等市场风险以及"碳泄漏"等环境风险。针对上述问题和风险,本文提出以现有清洁发展机制经验为基础构建中国国内碳排放交易市场的基本思路,即建立以排放交易法律体系为基础,以自愿碳交易市场构建为起点,以完善的监督管理体系为保障的中国碳排放交易机制。The clean development mechanism（CDM） is one of the three ＂flexibility＂ mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol.The CDM has made an important contribution to the sustainable development in China;however,there are still many problems during the operation of CDM in China and this situation puts participation of China in the international carbon trading market and construction of domestic carbon trading market at risk.In light of this,this paper compares the types,amount,registration and issue of CDM projects in China,and then finds that the CDM projects are in large quantity,but the development of different types of projects is uneven.On this basis,we analyze the main problems of CDM in China,including the lack of legal system,insufficient potential of emission reduction and lack of scientific assessment of transferred technologies.Then,this paper represents the market risk arising from project investment reduction and cost increase and environmental risk arising from carbon leakage that China has to take through introducing the uncertainty of the development of global carbon trading market and developing trend of ＂post-Kyoto period＂.In light of the problems and risks,this paper proposes to constructa domestic carbon trading market on the basis of the existing experiences of CDM in China;the basic thinking is that the construction of China carbon trading mechanism should be based upon an emission trading legal system,starting from a voluntary trading market model and guaranteed by a perfect management and supervision system.

关 键 词：清洁发展机制 排放交易 核实减排量 “后京都时期” 碳交易市场 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]