气候变化与科学传播——英国、挪威考察启迪  

Climate Change and Science Communication： Performances in Both United Kindom and Norway

作　　者：夏建宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海科技馆

出　　处：《上海科技馆馆刊》2009年第2期39-44,共6页Journal of Shanghou Science & Technology Museur

基　　金：感谢英国驻华使馆文化教育处提供机会,让我亲临英国实地考察其气候变化的实践情况,也感谢英国“同一个世界广播基金会”在此期间给予的细心周到的安排和协调.此外,还要感谢挪威驻华使馆的盛情邀请和友好赞助,让我有幸参加今年5月在该国卑尔根举行的“碳捕存技术应对气候变化”大型国际研讨会,进而了解到挪威应对气候变化的种种努力.

摘　　要：工业革命以来，人类大量使用化石燃料导致大气中温室气体浓度增加，造成气候变化，给自然系统和人类社会带来负面影响。《联合国气候变化公约》和《京都议定书》为全球应对气候变化问题提出了指导性方案。根据“共同但有区别的责任”原则，对发达国家和发展中国家分别提出减排温室气体的要求。同属《联合国气候变化公约》附件一国家的英国和挪威，在减缓气候变化方面做出了实质性努力。英国在政策制订、能效提高和市场引导方面，成效显著。挪威在海上风力发电和碳捕存等技术方面，也很有代表性。气候变化问题很好地反映了科学、技术和社会之间的关系．可作为STS教育的典型案例予以传播。Since the Industrialization Age greenhouse gases emitting from fossil fuel use have resulted in global climate change which has impacts on nature world and social system. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and The Kyoto Protocol to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are important guidelines for combating climate change issue. The parties, including both developed countries and developing ones, should protect climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of mankind in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed country parties should take the lead in reducing carbon emission. UK and Norway are two of Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol and they have done substantial efforts to mitigate climate change. UK shows leadership with its excellent performances in policymaking, energy efficiency and market manipulation, and makes significant progress. Norway acts pilot in technologies as offshore wind farm and Carbon Capture and Storage. Parties choose and develop the solutions to climate change depending upon particular natural and social circumstances of their own. It is extensive and intensive cooperation among all parties that will lead a successful negotiation in the coming conference in Copenhagen and will tackle climate change effectively.

关 键 词：温室气体 减缓气候变化 英国 挪威 STS教育 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]