事实与价值可分吗——以生态伦理学为视角  

On the Issues of the relationship between Fact and Value——From the Eco-ethic Perspective

作　　者：陈嘉明[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院哲学系/知识论与认知科学研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《学术月刊》2011年第8期38-43,共6页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"'元哲学'研究"(10BZX047);"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助"(2011221024)的阶段性成果~~

摘　　要："价值"这一概念只是对人而言的,没有人也就没有价值的问题发生。撇开客观与主观两方面的语境而单纯地谈论事实与价值问题,只会陷入一种简单的"是或不是"的二值逻辑。事实与价值的关系是多样性的,既有单纯的事实存在,也有关联着价值的事实存在。对语言在认识世界中的中介作用的认识,有助于我们重新理解事实与价值之间的关系,填平在事实与价值之间被人为划定的鸿沟。应当区分开认知、意向和评价三类动词,以及相应的三类判断。有关某个事实的判断是否涉及价值,这在根本上取决于判断者的主观取向。通过对有关事实的思考,人们可以从中引出价值判断。认为事实与价值二分的观点是不恰当的。价值观念的得出可以有两种途径:一种是经由对事实的反思而得出,如李奥帕德的生态伦理学的观念;另一种是通过纯粹理性的思考与观念的演绎而得出,如罗尔斯的正义理念。The concept of ＂value＂ is only for human beings. If there is no human being, there will be no such issue as value. Apart from both of the objective and subjective contexts to talk simply about the issues of fact and value, we will only fall into the simple two-valued logic ＂yes or no＂. The relationship between fact and value is diversified. There are simple facts as well as facts associated with value. The understanding of role which language plays in the world will help us re-understand the relationship between fact and value, filling the gap between fact and value which has been artificially divided. Three types of verbs and relevant three types of judgments should be distinguished： cognitive, intentional and evaluative. Whether a judgment concerning with a fact involves a value or not will depends essentially on knower＇s intentions. By thinking about the facts, people can lead to value judgments. The viewpoint that fact and value are dichotomous is not appropriate. Values can be obtained in two ways： one is through reflection of facts, and the other by the purely rational thinking and the deduction of ideas.

关 键 词：事实 价值 生态伦理学 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]