耐力训练、神经骨骼肌系统适应与跑步经济性  

Endurance Training,Neuromuscular Adaptations and Running Economy

作　　者：牛洁[1] 王松[1] 张爱军[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学理学院军事系,江苏南京21110

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2011年第9期30-34,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：跑步经济性和运动成绩密切相关。进行专项运动训练,下肢运动肌募集方式更为精炼。耐力训练可诱导神经骨骼肌系统发生适应,降低代谢需求,提高运动成绩。自行车运动单项与多项组合项目相比,下肢运动肌募集方式存在差异。目前,研究非常关注单项与多项组合项目诱导神经骨骼肌系统适应间的差异。但是,并不清楚这些特异性神经骨骼肌系统适应是否有助于提高或损害耐力性项目的运动成绩?神经骨骼肌系统适应可能在影响耐力性项目的运动成绩。力量训练和超等长训练可提高运动的经济性,但这些适应性的变化对跑步时运动肌募集方式产生多少有益的影响并不清楚。当前,尚没有充足的证据显示拉伸训练和运动鞋可提高运动的经济性。Running economy is associated with endurance performance.The ongoing single-discipline training leads to more refined patterning of leg muscle recruitment.Endurance training can induce neuromuscular adaptation,which may reduce metabolic demand and enhance performance.A difference in leg muscle recruitment during cycling has been demonstrated between multi-andsingle-discipline athletes.Recently,this highlights a difference in neuromuscular adaptation to single-and multi-discipline training.However,it is uncertain whether these specific neuromuscular adaptations are beneficial or detrimental to sport-specific endurance performance.Neuromuscular characteristics play an important role in endurance running performance.The consistent finding from studies of improvements in running economy following strength and isometric training appears related to neuromuscular adaptations.Whether these adaptations alter leg muscle recruitment during running remain unknown.At present,there is insufficient evidence for the alteration of running economy through stretching and shoe material modifications.

关 键 词：最大摄氧量 力量训练 耐力训练 跑步经济性 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]