情绪对错误记忆的影响及其应用启示  

The Influence of Emotion on False Memory and Its Application

作　　者：朱丽萍[1] 袁加锦[1] 李红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第4期813-818,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770727)的资助

摘　　要：与真实记忆一样,错误记忆也会受到情绪的影响,这主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)在正性心境下,个体会有更多的错误记忆;(2)个体对负性刺激更易产生错误记忆;(3)错误记忆存在着心境一致性效应。这些研究结果在临床治疗和司法鉴定等方面给了我们重要的启示:(1)避免心境一致性效应;(2)根据心境状态选择恰当的提问方式;(3)移植负性错误记忆治疗成瘾行为;(4)根据情绪体验辨别记忆的真伪。未来的研究在深入探讨情绪影响错误记忆的理论机制的同时,可以立足于两者的交互作用进行更多应用性的研究,以扩大其现实意义。False memory refers to cases in which individuals report or otherwise provide evidence memories of past events that did not occur or that occurred differerntly from the way in which they are remembered. In recent years, the interest in false memory has grown, and great attention has been paid to the relation betweent false memory and emotion. Considerable researches show that false memory is affected by emotional valence. The influence of emotional valence on false memory is characterized by the following features： （a）the false memory effect is larger in a positive mood state than in the negative mood state; （b）negative stimuli induce more false memory related to neutral and positive stimuli; （c） false memory is more significant when to-be-recognized items are emotionally congruent with people＇s mood states. However, emotion arousal seems to play an improtant part in false memory in some recent researches. They indicate that whether individuals＇ mood is positive, negative, or neutral, false memories are significantly more frequent under conditions of high arousal than under conditions of low arousal. These results have important practical implications for problem solving in the area of justice and psychological counseling： （1） To avoid the mood-congruent effect of false memory, we should keep witnesses and clients from negative mood in order to reduce the inaccurate information when they give testimonies about crime or recall their childhood traumatic events; （2） To choose a proper way of questioning in different mood conditions. Policemen should creat a happy condition and make the witnesses feel relaxed if they aim at obtaining valuable information from the witnesses as much as possible. （3） For implant false memory to cure addiction, it is possible to convince people that they have ever undergoned a negative experience resulting from addictive behavior, so that people may give up addictive behavior because of the false memoryabout it. （4） To judge whether the memory is tr

关 键 词：情绪 心境 DRM范式 误导信息干扰范式 错误记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]