注意缺陷多动障碍的神经机制及干预  

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder:Its Neural Mechanisms and Intervention

作　　者：冯刚毅[1] 朱祖德[1] 段懿行[1] 张卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院/心理应用研究中心,广州510631

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第4期931-938,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970894);广东省自然科学基金项目(10151063101000045);广州市社会科学规划课题(11Q15);广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室研究基金的资助

摘　　要：注意缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的神经性、发展性障碍。大脑异常被认为是注意缺陷多动障碍的病因之一。随着脑成像技术的发展,当前对该障碍的脑解剖结构病变、脑神经发育迟缓和脑网络连接异常等方面都展开了深入研究。文章从以上三个方面介绍最新研究成果,并指出目前的不足和未来研究方向,在此基础上为提高诊断精确性和发展新型有效的治疗干预方法提供建议。Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common neuro-development disorders of childhood. Attention, working memory and executive function deficit are considered core symptoms in the cognitive model of ADHD. In recent years, researchers have expanded the cognitive model into neuro-psychology and begun to take the brain abnormality as one of the causes of ADHD. With the development of imaging technology, lots of studies have been conducted to further understand ADHD patients＇ brain structural abnormalities, atypical neuro-development and dysfunction of brain network connectivity. Researchers used various morphological measurements to find the brain structure differences between the ADHD and the normal control groups. Lots of brain regions have been detected, including fontal, temporal-partial cortex, anterior cingulated cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. The results of these studies proved that ADHD has its neural pathology. However, ADHD＇s symptoms would change as patients grow up. Some symptoms could disappear as the patients grows into adolescentce. Therefore, researchers assumed that ADHD is a kind of neuro-psychological development delay disorder. But the clinical and follow-up studies showed that ADHI） is multidimensional rather than a simple neurodevelopment disorder. Thus we need to further investigate this disorder from different perspectives. Recently, researchers began to treat the human brain as a network composed of many nodes （brain areas）. They assumed that nodes could communicate and transfer information from each other. Based on this perspective, some researchers hypothesized that ADHD was caused by the dysfunction of brain network connectivity. They used lots of statistic methods to test this hypothesis, such as Seed-base Correlation Analysis, Independent Component Analysis, Regional Homogeneity and Graph theory. More and more studies in this areas supported this hypothesis, especially the researches of Default Mode Network. There are two controversial v

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 神经机制 脑网络 干预 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]