脑功能成像的新方法——功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)  

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy:An Emerging Functional Neuroimaging Technology

作　　者：刘宝根[1,2] 周兢[2] 李菲菲[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012 [2]华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院,上海200062 [3]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第4期943-949,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(07JJDXLX264)的资助

摘　　要：功能性近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)利用血液的主要成分对600-900nm近红外光良好的散射性,从而获得大脑活动时氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白的变化情况。目前该技术开始运用于自然情境下的高级认知、发展心理学、异常心理学等多个领域的研究。该技术具有造价较低、便携性好,无噪音、无创性和对实验过程中被试动作不会过份敏感等优点,但也存在空间分辨率不高和校正算法有待进一步完善等方面的不足。未来fNIRS的研究可以与fMRI等其他成像技术进行结合,开展婴幼儿和特殊人群的认知神经科学研究以及自然情境下大脑认知的神经机制研究。Since the Neuroimaging techniques such as event-related brain potentials（ERPs） and functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） are physically constraining, susceptible to motion artifacts and expensive, these traditional neuroimaging technologies do not meet the needs of researches on the young children, old people and disorders, and can＇ t be used in the ecologicall setting. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy（fNIRS） is an emerging functional neuroimaging technology offering a relatively non-invasive, safte, portable, and low-cost method of the indirect and direct monitoring of brain activity. Functional optical imaging capitalizes on the changing optical properties of tissues by means of light in the near-infrared range （600 - 900nm, spectroscopy window） to measure physiological changes, fNIRS capitalizes on the changing optical properties of the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin（oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb） by means of light in the near-infrared range to measure psysiologicl changes in the brain. Typically, a functional near-infrared apparatus is comprised of a light source and a light detector that receives the light after it has been reflected from the tissue. Three distinct types of fNIRS implementations have been developed： time domain systems, frequency domain system and continuous wave spectroscopy measurements. The continuous wave fNIRS system（CW） is the most popular, fNIRS has been utilized in the studies of higher cognition, developmental psychology and abnormal psychology. For higher cognition, fNIRS is beneficial to applications in the natural measurement setting, such as the electronic game, driving, educational setting and counseling enviroments. For develpmental psychology, fNIRS, which has been applied to monitor the new born child at risk and study the brain activities of infants during the cognitive process, has substantially contributed to the understanding of the congnitive process of different ages and the neural correlates. For abnormal psychology, a body of res

关 键 词：功能性近红外光谱技术 光谱窗 氧合血红蛋白 脱氧血 红蛋白 

分 类 号：R318.51[医药卫生—生物医学工程]