拓广分部评分模型下计算机自适应测验变加权选题策略  

The Variable-weighted Item Selection Strategy for Computerized Adaptive Testing With the Generalized Partial Credit Model

作　　者：程小扬[1,2] 丁树良[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学计算机信息工程学院,南昌330027 [2]赣南师范学院数学与计算机科学学院,赣州341000

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第4期965-969,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860084;60263005);江西省教育厅青年科学基金项目(GJJ10238);全国教育"十一五"科研规划课题(2009JKS2009);教育部人文社科项目(09YJCXLX012;10YJCXLX049)的资助

摘　　要：在计算机自适应测验中,对0-1评分模型按a-分层选题是高效安全的策略,但多级评分模型的项目难度/步骤参数有多个而无法直接应用这种选题策略。信息函数能够很好地综合项目所有参数及能力参数,但最大信息量选题策略会影响考试安全。本文提出一种变加权选题策略,它通过调用一个与信息量相关联的函数,该函数与信息量成正比,与区分度的某个幂函数成反比,从而达到既能综合项目所有参数又按a分层的效果。在GPCM模型下用蒙特卡罗实验进行比较研究,结果显示新的选题策略总体效果比已有相关结果好。For dichotomous scoring, the a-stratified item selection strategy （a-STR） is an effective and safe method for computerized adaptive testing （CAT）. But it could not be applied to the polytomous scoring CAT, because there are too many parameters in the polytomous item response model to be comprehensive. Some domestic researchers employed the mean, the mode or one of the difficulties （or location parameters） to represent all of the difficulties or location parameters. In a word, the difficulty parameter in the dichotomous score item is replaced with some descriptive statistic of the difficulties or the location parameters then a-stratified item selection strategy is employed to polytomous CAT. It is well known that the Fisher information function is a good comprehension d all item parameters as well as the ability parameter. But the item selection strategy of maximum information index （MII） derogates the safe if MII is used at the early stage in the course of CAT for every examinee. Since the items with higher discrimination parameter may be frequently used and it causes the higher exposure rate for these items. A new item selection strategy named as the variable-weighted item selection strategy is proposed in this paper. Some functions of the Fisher information are employed to replace the a-STR. The new item selection strategy is comprehension of all information of the item parameters for polytomous items and plays the role of a-STR. Some comparisons of the new selection strategy with the other selection strategies combined with a-stratified based on generalized partial credit model （GPCM）. The results of Monte Carlo study show that the new selection strategy has the best effect.

关 键 词：变加权法 GPCM模型 a-分层 CAT 选题策略 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]