槐糖脂生物表面活性剂的结构特征及理化性质初探  

STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSI-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOPHOROLIPID BIOSURFACTANTS

作　　者：宋丹丹[1,2] 梁生康[1,2] 王江涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,青岛266100

出　　处：《环境化学》2011年第8期1474-1479,共6页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(Y2008B28);中国海洋大学与中海石油环保服务有限公司攻关项目(2006004)资助

摘　　要：通过摇瓶培养实验,考察了假丝酵母菌(Candida bombicola)ATCC 22214以葡萄糖和油酸双底物为碳源,采用一次加料培养和分批补料培养方式进行发酵制备槐糖脂的过程,并利用高效液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用仪确定了所产槐糖脂的结构,初步研究了其主要的理化性质.结果表明,一次加料培养中,该菌株生长稳定期的中期即120 h时槐糖脂产率最高,达45 g.L-1,分批补料培养方式中,196 h时糖脂产率达到101g.L-1.所产糖脂由7种乙酰基取代的含有17-羟基十八烯酸或十八烷酸的内酯型和酸型槐糖脂同系物构成,其中,保留时间为45.46 min的17-L-[(2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-O-]-十八烯酸-1′,4″-内酯-6′,6″二乙酸酯和保留时间48.35 min的17-L-[(2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-O-]-十八烷酸-1′,4″-内酯-6′,6″二乙酸酯比例较高,分别达27.38%和21.53%.该生物表面活性剂具有良好的表面活性和乳化能力,临界胶束浓度较低,为36.5 mg.L-1.The process of sophorolipids biosynthesis by yeast Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 from the mixture of glucose and oleic acid was evaluated by batch fermentation and fed-batch fermentation in the shake Erlenmeyer flask.The chemical composition of the sophorolipids mixture was identified by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） method combined with positive ion electrospray-time of flight-mass spectrometry（ESI-TOF/MS）.The yield of the biosurfactant reached its maximu of 45 g·L^-1 in the middle of the steady phase of the strain growth（i.e.120 h） in batch culture,and it reached 101 g·L^-1 in fed-batch culture.The biosurfactant mixture contained seven homologues of acetylated lactonic and acid sophorolipids with saturated and unsaturated C18 fatty acid moieties.The content of two major components,17-L-[（2′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl）-oxy-]-octadecenoic acid-1′,4″-lactone-6′,6″-diactate and 17-L-[（2′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl）-oxy-]-octadecanoic acid-1′,4″-lactone-6′,6″-diactate was 27.38% and 21.53%,respectively.The sophorolipid biosurfactant exhibited high surface-activity and good emulsification capacity and a low critical micelle concentration of 36.5 mg·L-1.

关 键 词：槐糖脂 发酵 高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱 表面张力 乳化性能 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]