砷矿区植物对重金属的吸收和富集特征  

Uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in dominant plants growing in an arsenic-contaminated area

作　　者：易锋[1] 王宏镔[1] 高建培[1] 潘义宏[1] 焦鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第4期14-22,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家环境保护科技项目(E-2007-06);云南省环境保护专项项目(2007[262])

摘　　要：通过野外调查研究了云南楚雄雨露砷矿区采矿、冶炼废弃地生长的16种优势植物的生长状态及其对应根区土壤的基本理化性质。结果表明,该矿区植物长势良好,未出现受害症状。土壤磷氮含量充足,As含量远远超过《土壤环境质量标准》3级标准中的旱地As含量标准值,高达133倍。16种植物的地上部重金属含量As最高,并且在总As平均质量比高达5 318 mg/kg的土壤环境条件下,蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)体内As质量比可达2 327 mg/kg,小酸模(Rumex acetosellaL.)、辣子草(Galinsoga parviflora Cav.)、鬼针草(Bidns pilosa L.)等7种植物对Cd,以及牛口刺(Cirsium shansiense Petrak.)对Zn的富集系数和转移系数均大于1.0,其中地石榴对Cd的富集系数高达7.99。上述植物对重金属污染均表现出了较强的耐性,具有进一步的研究潜力。Phytoremediation technology has been widely advocated to treat polluted soil because it is cost-effective and environmental- friendly. Exploring suitable hyperaceumulators or tolerant plants is the key step for phytoremediating metal-contaminated environment. Up to now, about 500 plants have been identified as metal hyperac- cumulators all over the world. However, there are difficulties in extension of this technique due to its disadvantage such as a low biomass production. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the ideal hyperaccumu- lators in the field. In present study, the growth status and concentrations of beavy metals（Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As） in 16 dominant plants growing in Yulu arsenic mining area, Chuxiong city, Yunnan Province were evaluaed by a field survey. Concentrations of these five metals and physico-chemical properties of soils were also determined. Results indicated that the investigated soils were abundant in total potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively accounted for 0.21% , 0.34% and 0.49% of soil dry weight. The average content of organic matter in soil was 2.28 % and the pH value was 7.56. At the studied area, the average concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and As in soil were 0.7 mg/kg, 68 mg/kg, 84 mg/kg, 282 mg/kg and 5 318 mg/kg, respectively. To note, the concentration of As has already exceeded the limits of Environmental Quality Standards for soils （ GB 15618-1995, Grade Ⅲ） for 133 folds. We also found that the concentrations of As in aboveground parts of 16 dominant plants were the highest and As con- centration in Pteris vittata L. could reach 2 327 mg/kg when the total As concentration in soil was 16 218 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the bioaccu- mulation and translocation factors of Cd in Rumex acetoseUa L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Bidens pilosa L. , Bidens tripartita L. , F/cus t/koua Bur., Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz. and Solanumnigrum L. were greater than 1.0.Particularly, the bioaccu-mulation factor of Cd in F t/koua Bu

关 键 词：生态学 超富集植物 重金属 吸收 富集 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]