双台子河口湿地生态系统变化过程及其影响分析  

Changing Process and Impact Factors of Ecosystem in Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland

作　　者：王永洁[1] 郑冬梅[2] 罗金明[1] 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学理学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110044

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第21期12954-12956,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40871259)

摘　　要：介绍了双台子河口湿地国家级自然保护区的地理和自然概况,参考了1987年和2005年Landsat5 TM湿地面积数据,以双台子河口湿地的核心区域为研究对象,分析了天然水域、裸滩、翅碱蓬滩涂、养殖区、水库坑塘、苇田、稻田、非湿地景观的面积,以及湿地群落、湿地水质、水鸟类数量和种类的变化情况,得知研究区湿地面积严重破碎化,湿地芦苇产量降低,水质下降,鸟类种群数量减少,由此说明湿地环境严重下降,已经对某些湿地生物的生存构成威胁。在此基础上,从区域气候的变化以及人类活动影响2个方面分析了这一现象产生的原因,其中气候变化主要包括气温的明显上升、降雨量的下降;而人类活动的影响主要在于石油的开发、围湖造田、生物资源的过度利用、环境污染。在气候变化和人类活动的交互影响下,双台子河口湿地生态系统正在发生明显的变化,强调相关部门应对此引起高度重视,加强对双台子河口湿地的保护与管理。By introducing geological and natural conditions of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland,a national nature reserve,and borrowing Landsat5 TM wetland data of the year 1987 and 2005,the core area of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland was studied,areas of its natural water,mudflat,seepweed beach,culture zone,reservoir and swag,reed field,rice field and non-wetland landscape were respectively analyzed,as well as the changes of its wetland community,water quality,waterfowl quantity and species.It was found that the study area was suffering from serious fragmentation of wetland,reducing reed yield,degrading water quality,decreasing bird species and amount,which implied that the degraded wetland environment has imposed threats on the survival of some wetland species.Root causes of such a result were analyzed from the perspectives of regional climate changes and human interventions;while regional climate changes included obvious temperature increase and precipitation decrease,human interventions included oil exploration,reclamation of land from the lake,overuse of biological resources,environment pollution.Due to the interactive influence of these two factors,ecosystem of Shuangtaizi Estuary Wetland has experienced drastic changes,which should be attached sufficient importance by relevant departments so as to enhance its protection and management.

关 键 词：湿地生态系统 变化过程 影响因子 双台子河口湿地 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]