三角形强化栽培条件下移栽秧龄和密度对杂交稻Ⅱ优498结实期生理和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Seedling-Ages and Planting Densities on Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Hybrid Rice Ⅱ You 498 under Triangle-Planted System of Rice Intensification During Filling Stage

作　　者：贺阳冬[1,2] 童平[1] 马均[1] 孙园园[3] 孙永健[1] 刘树金[1] 许远明 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]成都农业科技职业学院,四川温江611130 [3]四川省农业气象中心,四川成都610071 [4]四川省眉山市东坡区农业局,四川眉山620032

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2011年第5期508-514,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A05);中国气象局西南区域气象中心2010年区域重大项目(2010-7);四川省育种攻关专项(2006yzgg-28);四川省教育厅资助项目(10ZA047)

摘　　要：以杂交水稻组合Ⅱ优498为材料,在三角形强化栽培(TSRI)条件下,研究移栽秧龄和栽插密度对水稻结实期一些生理特性及产量形成的影响。结果表明,在TSRI下,栽培密度的补偿效应可以改善不同移栽秧龄处理下杂交稻Ⅱ优498结实期的一些形态及生理特性,进而获得高产。当移栽秧龄为2叶1心、栽植密度为40cm×40cm时,在一定数量有效穗数的前提下,控制水稻无效分蘖的数量,能够使结实期水稻群体获得较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和高效LAI,延缓了结实期水稻叶面积的下降,而且生育后期根系不早衰,有利于促进茎鞘物质输出,增加茎鞘物质输出率及转化率,其每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率存在优势,产量最高,且极显著高于其他处理,为此试验TSRI下最佳的移栽秧龄和栽插密度组合。移栽秧龄为8叶1心和栽插密度为50cm×50cm的处理均会造成有效穗数显著降低,影响水稻结实期正常的生理机能,导致产量显著下降。结合产量表现,5叶1心移栽,栽插密度以30cm×30cm～40cm×40cm为宜,可供缓解作物间茬口矛盾的情况下参考;大苗移栽容易加快结实期水稻衰老进程,产量显著降低,大苗移栽应加大移栽密度,本研究条件下栽植密度以30cm×30cm为宜。The grain yield formation and some physiological characteristics were investigated during filling stage under triangle-planted system of rice intensification （TSRI） at different transplanting seedling ages and planting densities with Ⅱ you 498 as material. The results showed that obvious compensation effect of planting density to transplanting seedling-age of rice under TSR1 improved some morphological and physiological characteristics during grain filling stage and promoted yield. Transplan ring 2 leaf-age seedlings at a suitable planting density （40 cm × 40 cm） was the best, which increased effective tiller number of planl population, gained reasonable structure of populations, had high leaf area index （LA1） and much higher percentage of efficient LA1, delayed the descending rate of LA1, and enhanced root activity, consequently, promoted dry matter accumulation and transportation during grain filling, and was helpful to coordinate the conflict among filled grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight. Effective panicle number and grain yield significantly decreased as seedlings were transplanted at 8-leaf age stage and lower planting density （50 cm×50 cm）. For 5-leaf age seedlings, the suitable planting density ranged from 30 cm×30 cm to 40 cm×40 cm, alleviating the contradiction of crop rotation. In addition, transplan ling high leaf age seedlings was easy to accelerate the senescence process of rice during grain filling stage and decreased yield. h was noteworthy that high leaf age seedlings should be transplanted at relatively high planting densities, and the optimum planting density was 30 cm×30 cm for the 8 leaf-age seedlings.

关 键 词：水稻 三角形强化栽培 秧龄 栽插密度 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]