汉唐地理数术知识的演变与古代地理学的发展  

The Evolution of Geographical Shushu from the Han to the Tang Dynasty and the Development of Geography in Ancient China

作　　者：潘晟[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,副教授天津300387

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2011年第5期167-181,223,共15页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目(批准号:10CZS015)成果之一

摘　　要：汉代对地理知识和地理书的认识,还没有完全脱离数术的范畴。《汉书.艺文志》形法类所录相地书很可能属于三种不同地理对象的相地术,与图宅术在性质上有本质区别。图宅术以五行说为基础,是在日书基础上经过精密化、系统化形成的选择术。这种选择术当时可能主要面向阳宅,与葬书不相统属。随着古代学术体系的转变,魏晋之间,以《山海经》为代表的相地术,其平实雅正的地域描述体系,取得正统的知识地位;其相术部分,逐渐发展为宅、墓并重的选择术。随着墓地荫泽后代思想的流行,冢兆选择术逐渐成为该时期数术发展的一个潮流。在某种意义上,古代地理学知识体系的构建与确立是早期数术分化发展的结果。Geographical knowledge and texts were regarded in the Han Dynasty as a part of shushu (数术, divination and geomancy). The books on physiognomy included in the Geomorphology section of the Treatise of Literature in the History of the Former Han Dynasty may involve three geographical subjects, and are essentially different from the tuzhaishu (图宅术, the art of making plans of residences). Drawing on the theory of the Five Elements, the tuzhaishu is a more refined and systematic almanac-based art of selection. It may have been mainly geared to the needs of residential plans for the living, falling outside the category of funeral books. With the transformation of the ancient system of scholarship, the knowledge of physiognomy divided into two branches in the Wei and Jin Dynasties: the simple and elegant system of territorial description typified by the Shan Hai Jing became intellectual orthodoxy, while its divination component gradually evolved into an art of selecting an auspicious site that placed equal emphasis on residences and graveyards. As the idea that graveyards determined the fortune of later generations became widespread, the art of selecting graveyards progressively developed into a major trend in divination and geomancy at the time. In a sense, the construction of the ancient geographical system was a result of the division and development of the early knowledge of divination and geomancy.

关 键 词：汉唐 相地术 古代地理学 

分 类 号：K90[历史地理—人文地理学]