试谈人类学理论中的实践理论——以布迪厄《实践理论大纲》和萨林斯《历史之岛》为例  

On Practice Theory in Anthropology——Taking Bourdieu's Outline of a Theory of Practice、 and Sahlins'Islands of History as examples

作　　者：杨德爱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《重庆文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2011年第5期23-26,共4页Journal of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences（Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：客观主义与主观主义似乎一直是社会科学领域无法调和的两个极端,在人类学理论中,这二者就表现为"结构"与"能动性"的对立,由此引发了许多学术争论。为了寻找这二者的契合点,以便在它们之间建立起辩证关系,布迪厄著《实践理论大纲》一书,使用并发展了"惯习""场域""实践"和"能动者"等术语,建立起了一套实践理论。萨林斯也是实践理论的代表人物,他著《历史之岛》提出了实践的变化会以一个不同的方式带来系统变迁的模式,从而把二者还原成认知问题、既有的认知图式和偶然发生的事件之间的结构关系问题,提出了"并接结构"等概念进行阐述。It seems that objectivism and subjectivism have been the two extremes in social sciences. In anthropological theory, they are expressed as ＂structure＂ and ＂agency＂ ,which have induced a lot of academic debates. To find the meeting point between the two in order to establish a dialectical relationship between them, Bourdieu＇s Outline of a theory of Practice,by using and developing the terms of ＂habitus＂, ＂field＂, ＂practice＂ and ＂ dynamic person, ＂etc, established a Theory of Practice. In addition to Bourdieu, Sahlins is also a representative of Theory of Practice. He wrote Islands of History, and pionted out that changes in the practice would be presented in a different way to bring change in the mode of the system, the existing cognitive schemata and the occasional incidents structural relationship between the issues, and also using concepts like ＂structure of the conjuncture ＂ to explain the theory. This paper, taking Bourdieu＇s Outline of a theory of Practice and Sahlins＇Islands of History as examples, discusses Theory of Practice in anthropology

关 键 词：实践理论 布迪厄 萨林斯 《实践理论大纲》 《历史之岛》 

分 类 号：C958[社会学—民族学]