钾肥、覆膜对马铃薯钾素营养平衡期及吸收模式的影响  

Effect of K Fertilizer Ration and Film-coverage on K Absorption and Distribution in Potato

作　　者：邢海峰[1] 高炳德[1] 刘美英[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2011年第4期229-233,共5页Chinese Potato Journal

摘　　要：以马铃薯品种紫花白为试验材料,采用田间试验、化学分析、生物统计相结合的方法,系统研究了钾肥及覆膜对马铃薯钾素营养平衡期及吸收模式的影响。本文主要阐明:钾肥使钾素营养平衡期出现在出苗后56 d,提前了3 d,覆膜使平衡期出现在出苗后54 d,提前了4 d,钾肥、覆膜均促进了钾素营养中心由茎叶向块茎的转移,这是其增产的重要生理基础之一。钾肥使全期钾素平均吸收速率提高47.6%,其促进钾素吸收的作用主要表现在生育后期。覆膜使钾素平均吸收速率提高21.2%,其促进作用主要表现在前期。钾肥、覆膜并没有改变生育过程中马铃薯全株钾素吸收数量及速率上的变化规律,其吸收量变化可用Logistic方程定量地表达。钾肥施用,使钾素最快吸收速率提高25.6%,最快吸收速率出现在出苗后57 d,覆膜使钾素最快吸收速率提高7.7%,最快吸收速率出现在出苗后56 d。覆膜减少了钾素消耗系数与1 000 kg产量吸收量,提高了钾素生产效率。钾肥则提高了钾素消耗系数与1 000 kg产量吸收量,降低了钾素生产效率。The experiments were carried out by using cv.Zihuabai.According to the methods of field experiment,chemical analysis and biological statistics,this research systematically studyed the effects of film-coverage and K fertilizer on absorption modes of K element and the balanced phase of potato.K fertilizer made the balanced phase of K nutrition to appear on the 56th day after emergence ahead of 3 days,and film-coverage made it to appear on the 54th day ahead of 4 days.K fertilizer and film-coverage promoted K to translocate from stems and leaves to tubers,which was one of the important mechanisms for yield increase.K absorption velocity was improved by 47.6% and 21.2% respectively by K fertilizer and film-coverage.K fertilizer and film-coverage did not change the pattern of absorption accumulation and the velocity could be described by Logistic curve.The fastest absorption velocity was improved by 25.6% on the 57th day after emergence,and 7.7% on the 56th day after emergence by K fertilizer and film-coverage,respectively.Film-coverage could decrease the K consumption coefficients and requirement of 1 000 kg yields and increase the K productivity,but the role of K fertilizer was on the contrary.

关 键 词：马铃薯 钾素 养分平衡期 吸收 模式 覆膜 钾肥 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S143.3