生态系统供水发电服务评估及经济价值测算——以雅砻江二滩电站为例  

Evaluation of ecosystem service for water supply and power generation and its economic value:A case study of Ertan hydropower on Yalong river

作　　者：吴楠[1,2,3] 高吉喜[1,4] 苏德毕力格[3] Driss Ennaanay Guillermo F.Mendoza 罗遵兰[3] 李岱青[3] 田美荣[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国环境科学研究院生态所,北京100012 [4]中华人民共和国环境保护部科技标准司,北京100035 [5]美国加州斯坦福大学伍兹环境研究所,美国加利福尼亚州943055020

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2011年第4期56-64,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：UNEP/GEF长江流域自然保护与洪水控制项目(IMIS:GFL-2328-2740-4822;PMS:GF/3030-04-05-01);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC16B02);环保公益性行业科研专项(200709029)

摘　　要：以ArcGIS9.2为平台,构建了基于土地利用/覆被的生态系统供水发电服务物质量和价值量评估模型。包括根据降雨和潜在蒸散发及下垫面特征参数,结合耗水量模拟集水区产出的年供发电水量。由评估水电站的特征参数和集水区每个象元对总供水量的贡献率,采用水能资源公式模拟集水区生态系统发电贡献量的空间分布特征。价值量模型则结合电价及运行成本进行计算。在二滩水电站及其集水区进行了模型的运用。结果表明:2000年,模型模拟为二滩电站贡献汇流的实际供水量达到311.63×108m3.a-1。在水电站设计使用年限内集水区产水总发电量为5763.84×108 kW.H,发电总净利润为888.66×108 Yuan,其中草地生态系统的贡献率最大,达到54.23%。集水区东南部的康定—九龙—冕宁—喜德—西昌一带生态系统供水对于二滩电站发电收益的贡献最大。On the platform of the integrated Geographic Information System（GIS） software package ArcGIS9.2,a model was developed to simulate the ecosystem service of water supply and power generation and its economic value based on land use/cover.This model simulates the annual water supply of watershed for power generation by taking input parameters of precipitation,potential evaportranspiration,characteristic parameter of underlying surface and water consumption.Spatial distribution features of the ecosystem power generation over the watershed can be simulated using the characteristic parameters of the hydropower stations studied,each pixel＇s contribution ratio to the total water use by hydropower production and the formula of hydropower resources.The economic value of ecosystem service is determined by electricity price and total annual operating costs.In a case study of the Ertan hydropower and its watershed,the simulation showed an actual water supply of 311.63×108m3·a-1 to this hydropower in 2000 and a total power output of 5763.84×108kW·H and a total net present value（NPV） of power generation of 888.66×108 Yuan in the remaining years of the Ertan＇s expected lifetime.The grassland contribution ratio 54.23% to the ecosystem service value was higher than those of the other factors,and the higher contribution ratios of water supply to the Ertan power output come from southeastern part of the watershed such as Kangting,Jiulong,Mianning,Xide and Xichang.

关 键 词：生态系统生态学 供水发电生态系统服务 模型模拟 二滩水电站 土地利用/覆被 经济价值 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]