高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术表面肌电(sEMG)特征  

Top Sprinters' sEMG Characteristics in Swinging Skills

作　　者：张杰[1] 吴瑛[2] 康文峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育学院教务处,上海200438 [3]河南科技大学体育学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2011年第9期51-54,共4页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：上海市科委重点科研计划项目(08490512900);上海市教委第五期重点学科建设资助项目(J51001)

摘　　要：运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄像同步测试方法,结合功能解剖学知识,揭示我国部分高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术肌肉活动特征。结果表明:短跑途中跑摆动技术肌电特征表现为明显的时序性,肌肉间的收缩具有高度协调性。在完成摆动技术动作中,折叠前摆阶段,阔筋膜张肌、股直肌等屈髋肌以及胫骨前肌是参与活动的主要肌群;下压着地阶段,臀大肌、股二头肌长头、半腱肌是参与活动的主要肌群。在专项力量训练实践中,教练员应结合髋关节屈伸肌群的发力范围、发力特点,优选专项力量训练的手段,以提高训练效果。By using the methods of sEMG synchronized with high - speed camera and combining functional anatomy knowledge, the paper analyzes high - level sprinters characteristics of muscle activity in their swinging skills to guide special strength training, with the results indicating that EMG of swinging skills are characterized by obvious time series and high coordination of muscle contraction. During the phase of forward - swinging, hip flexor muscles （ tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior） are highly active. In the phase of pressing, hip extensor muscles （gluteus maxi- mus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus） are the main muscle groups. Therefore, in the training of special strength, we should fully understand its working characteristics in order to optimize special strength training and improve training efficiency.

关 键 词：短跑 摆动技术 表面肌电 肌肉活动特征 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]